Native plants play a crucial role in supporting Maryland’s pollinators like bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. They provide nectar, pollen, and habitats while requiring less maintenance and water compared to non-native plants. Here’s a quick guide to some of the best options for creating a pollinator-friendly garden in Maryland:

• Butterflyweed (Asclepias tuberosa): Supports Monarch butterflies and bumble bees with vibrant orange blooms in summer.
• Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta): Maryland’s state flower; attracts bees and butterflies with long-lasting summer blooms.
• Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea): A summer favorite for bees and birds, offering nectar and seeds.
• Lanceleaf Coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata): Bright yellow flowers that attract butterflies and bees from late spring to summer.
• Goldenrod (Solidago spp.): Essential for late-season pollinators like bees and butterflies, blooming through fall.
• Wild Bergamot (Monarda fistulosa): Mid-summer blooms attract hummingbirds, bees, and butterflies.
• New England Aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae): Provides late-season nectar for bees and migrating butterflies.
• Cardinal Flower (Lobelia cardinalis): Striking red flowers loved by hummingbirds in late summer.
• Blazing Star (Liatris spicata): Tall purple spikes that attract butterflies and specialist bees in summer.
• Partridge Pea (Chamaecrista fasciculata): Summer blooms attract buzz-pollinating bees and provide soil nitrogen benefits.
• Red Columbine (Aquilegia canadensis): Early spring blooms support hummingbirds and butterflies.

Key Tips for Pollinator Gardens:

• Plant in clusters for better visibility to pollinators.
• Ensure blooms are available from early spring to late fall.
• Include a variety of flower shapes, colors, and heights.
• Avoid pesticides and leave some garden debris for overwintering insects.

For expert help, professional landscapers like Pro Landscapes MD can design and maintain gardens tailored to Maryland’s local conditions, ensuring long-term success for both pollinators and your yard.

Gardening for Pollinators – Wildlife Webinar – Maryland Department of Natural Resources

Key Considerations for Creating Pollinator Gardens in Maryland

Building a pollinator garden in Maryland involves more than just picking pretty flowers. To truly support pollinators, you’ll need to plan for a continuous supply of nectar and pollen throughout the growing season while considering the unique conditions of your site.

Seasonal bloom succession is a must. Instead of having all your plants flower at the same time, select species with staggered and overlapping bloom periods. This ensures that nectar and pollen are available from early spring to late fall. This approach is especially important for bees emerging from winter dormancy and butterflies fueling up for migration.

"Construct pollinator gardens with a variety of colors, shapes, and heights of plants and include plants that flower throughout the growing season to provide nectar and pollen."

• University of Maryland Extension ^[1]

Plant variety is another key element. Different pollinators are drawn to different flower shapes and colors. By including native plants from various botanical families – such as the Asteraceae (daisy family) and Umbelliferae (carrot family) – you can cater to a broader range of pollinator species.

"Different plants attract different pollinators. If you want to target specific pollinators, such as butterflies, try to plant flowers they are attracted to."

• University of Maryland Extension ^[1]

Garden structure plays a big role too. A mix of plant heights, textures, and growth habits creates microhabitats that appeal to diverse pollinators. For example, some bees prefer nesting in bare soil, while others overwinter in plant stems. Butterflies often use flat surfaces for basking in the sun.

Before planting, take time for a site assessment. Maryland’s regions – the western mountains, the central Piedmont plateau, and the coastal plain – each have distinct growing conditions. Factors like soil type, moisture levels, and sun exposure will influence which native plants thrive in your area. This step also helps you determine how much sunlight your garden will receive, which is crucial for most pollinator-friendly plants.

Pollinator gardens generally do best in areas with plenty of sunlight – at least six hours a day. However, some native Maryland plants can adapt to partial shade, making them suitable for less sunny spots.

Soil preparation for native plants is often simple. These plants are naturally adapted to Maryland’s soils and usually don’t need heavy fertilization. Clear weeds and lightly till dense clay soils if necessary.

A thoughtful mulching strategy can make a big difference, especially in sandy or dry soils. A 3-inch layer of wood mulch helps retain moisture and supports healthy plant growth. At the same time, leaving some bare patches is beneficial for ground-nesting bees. Mulch also complements a pesticide-free approach by improving soil conditions naturally.

Maintaining a chemical-free garden is critical for protecting pollinators. Pesticides, herbicides, and even some organic treatments can harm beneficial insects. Native plants, with their natural pest resistance, combined with helpful predators, can often manage pest issues without the need for chemicals.

Think about how your pollinator garden fits into the larger landscape. Instead of creating a separate "wild" area, try blending native plants into existing flower beds, borders, or foundation plantings. This approach connects habitats and can be more visually appealing to neighbors and homeowners associations.

If you want to support butterflies, don’t overlook host plants for their caterpillars. While adult butterflies rely on nectar, their young need specific plants to feed on. For instance, planting native carrots, parsley, or dill can provide essential food for black swallowtail caterpillars.

Finally, consider the timing of garden cleanup. Many beneficial insects overwinter in garden debris, unpruned perennials, and ornamental grasses. Waiting until late April or early May to tidy up your garden helps preserve these critical habitats.

1. Butterflyweed (Asclepias tuberosa)

Butterflyweed is a standout among Maryland’s native plants, offering a steady supply of nectar throughout the summer for local pollinators. This vibrant orange wildflower is a favorite for many pollinator species, making it a must-have for any Maryland pollinator garden. Not only does it provide nectar for adult butterflies and bees, but it also serves as a critical host plant for Monarch butterfly caterpillars. The University of Maryland Extension calls it "a showy wildflower with a long bloom period" ^[5]. Its ability to support diverse pollinator species highlights its ecological importance.

Pollinator Species Attracted

Butterflyweed is a primary host for Monarch butterflies ^[5]. It also draws bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. Bumble bees, for example, use their legs to access the plant’s hooded flowers and collect pollinia ^[6][7]. Among these, the brown-belted bumble bee (Bombus griseocollis) is a frequent visitor during the summer months of June, July, and August. With over 45 native bumble bee species in the U.S., butterflyweed plays a key role in supporting these important pollinators, which in turn help pollinate hundreds of other plants ^[6].

Bloom Period and Seasonal Support

Butterflyweed blooms from early to late summer, offering a reliable nectar source from June through September ^[5][7].

Climate Suitability for Maryland

This plant thrives in Maryland’s diverse climate, especially in well-drained, dry, and coarse soils ^[5]. Once established, it is highly drought-tolerant, making it a resilient choice for Maryland’s sometimes unpredictable summer weather ^[8].

Maintenance Requirements

Butterflyweed is easy to care for when planted in the right conditions. Ensure new plants are watered thoroughly during their first growing season. After that, they require no additional fertilization ^[5][8].

Occasionally, oleander aphids may appear on butterflyweed. Beneficial insects often manage these pests, but horticultural oil can be used if needed ^[5]. In late fall, once seed pods have matured or stems have browned, cut back the stalks, leaving about 6 inches to provide habitat for overwintering insects ^[8][9]. Avoid mulching over the root crowns to prevent rot, and remove seed pods early if you want to limit self-seeding ^[8].

Tip: Butterflyweed can disappear from sight in the winter. Mark its location in the fall to avoid disturbing it accidentally ^[5]. For those looking to support Monarch butterflies, planting a dozen or more butterflyweed plants – or mixing in other milkweed species – can provide ample host material for caterpillars ^[5].

2. Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta)

The Black-eyed Susan, Maryland’s state flower, is a standout choice for gardeners looking to support pollinators during the summer months [20, 21, 23]. This vibrant golden wildflower is not only eye-catching but also a vital source of nectar. Its dark center acts as an open nectar cup, making it easily accessible – even for the tiniest pollinators ^[10].

Pollinator Species Attracted

The Black-eyed Susan’s shallow nectar cups, marked with UV patterns, attract a diverse group of pollinators such as bees, skippers, syrphid flies, and wasps ^[10]. These UV pigments create a "bulls-eye" effect visible to bees, guiding them directly to the nectar. This clever design ensures a steady food supply for pollinators throughout the growing season ^[10].

Bloom Period and Seasonal Support

Blooming from June through August, Black-eyed Susans offer consistent nourishment during the peak of summer. Some varieties may even continue flowering until the first frost or as late as December [20, 24]. Once the flowers fade, their seed heads remain a valuable food source for finches and other birds, providing wildlife support well into fall and winter ^[11].

Climate Suitability for Maryland

This flower thrives in Maryland’s climate, flourishing in full to partial sun and adapting to a range of settings, from manicured gardens to natural meadows ^[13]. Its ability to handle diverse conditions makes it a resilient and easy choice for local gardeners.

Maintenance Requirements

Caring for Black-eyed Susan is straightforward ^[12]. Regular deadheading can extend the bloom period, while light pruning in early summer encourages fresh growth. Established plants should be divided every 3–4 years to keep them healthy [25, 26, 27]. Many gardeners also opt to leave the plants uncut until spring, allowing the seeds to feed wildlife and provide winter shelter for birds [20, 25].

3. Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea)

The Purple Coneflower is more than just a beautiful addition to your garden – it’s also a powerhouse for supporting local wildlife. This native Maryland plant is a favorite among pollinators during its bloom and provides a vital food source for birds with its seed heads. Its ability to support both insects and birds makes it a standout choice for pollinator-friendly gardens in the region.

Pollinator Species Attracted

When in bloom, Purple Coneflowers are a magnet for bees, butterflies, and other helpful insects ^[15][16]. These visitors highlight the plant’s role in maintaining biodiversity. Once the flowers fade and seed heads form, they become a feast for songbirds. In Maryland gardens, species like goldfinches, sparrows, brown towhees, indigo buntings, cardinals, house finches, grouse, and chickadees are frequent diners ^[14].

Bloom Period and Seasonal Support

Purple Coneflowers typically bloom from June through August ^[15][16], aligning perfectly with the peak activity of pollinators in Maryland. This extended flowering period ensures a reliable nectar source throughout the summer. Even after the vibrant petals fall, the seed heads continue to add value by providing food for birds later in the season ^[15][16].

Climate Suitability for Maryland

These flowers thrive in Maryland’s climate, preferring full sun (6–8 hours daily) and well-drained soil. While they need regular watering during their first year to establish strong roots, they become drought-tolerant as they mature ^[17][18].

Maintenance Requirements

Caring for Purple Coneflowers is straightforward ^[19]. Deadheading spent blooms encourages longer flowering and keeps the plants healthy ^[18]. To plant, sow seeds in spring at a depth of ¼ inch in weed-free soil ^[16]. Water the seedlings regularly, especially during dry spells, to support their growth. A layer of compost in spring provides all the nutrients they need, as additional fertilizers are usually unnecessary ^[16][18]. Many gardeners choose to leave the seed heads standing through winter to continue feeding birds, cutting the plants back only in late winter or early spring ^[17][18].

4. Lanceleaf Coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata)

Lanceleaf Coreopsis is a reliable friend to pollinators in Maryland. With its cheerful yellow blooms, this plant provides a steady supply of nectar and pollen while demanding very little in return. It’s a fantastic option for seasoned gardeners and beginners alike, thriving effortlessly in Maryland’s conditions and adding vibrant color to any pollinator garden.

Pollinator Species Attracted

The sunny flowers of Lanceleaf Coreopsis are a magnet for a variety of pollinators. Bees, particularly bumblebees (genus Bombus) and small carpenter bees (genus Ceratina), are frequent visitors, drawn to its rich nectar and pollen ^[23]. Butterflies, including species like the great spangled fritillary (Speyeria cybele) and the hickory hairstreak (Satyrium caryaevorus), also flock to these blooms ^[21]. Beyond these, wasps, moths, flies, and beetles join the mix, creating a lively hub of beneficial insect activity ^[20].

Bloom Period and Seasonal Support

This plant offers a long blooming season, stretching from late spring to late summer ^[23][24]. While deadheading can help extend the bloom time, it’s not essential for the plant’s overall health.

Climate Suitability for Maryland

Lanceleaf Coreopsis thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 3–8, making it perfectly suited for all parts of Maryland ^[22]. It loves full sun, needing at least 6–8 hours of direct light each day ^[25]. Though it can adapt to a variety of soils, it prefers well-drained conditions. If you’re dealing with Maryland’s notoriously clay-heavy soils, mixing in compost can improve drainage and help the plant perform better ^[25]. Once established, it’s impressively drought-tolerant, handling dry periods with ease ^[26].

Maintenance Requirements

This is one of the easiest native plants to care for. During its first growing season, regular watering is important, but after that, natural rainfall is usually sufficient ^[26]. Deadheading, while optional, can encourage more blooms, and cutting back stems in late spring is another optional task ^[26]. Though it can tolerate partial shade, the plant tends to produce fewer flowers and may develop taller, weaker stems in these conditions ^[27]. For the best results, plant it in a sunny spot with good air circulation and ensure proper drainage, especially in areas with heavy clay soil.

5. Goldenrod (Solidago odora and S. rugosa)

Goldenrod is a standout among late-season bloomers, offering essential nectar and pollen when most other native flowers have finished their cycles. Both Solidago odora and S. rugosa are low-maintenance plants that support a wide variety of wildlife. Their extended blooming period ensures pollinators have what they need well into the fall, bridging the gap left by earlier-blooming species.

Pollinator Species Attracted

Goldenrod is a magnet for pollinators, drawing in 39 specialist bee species. These include the hairy-banded mining bee and spine-shouldered cellophane bee, both of which depend exclusively on goldenrod pollen for survival ^[28][29]. Beyond bees, it provides nectar for queen bumblebees, honeybees, monarch butterflies, and painted lady butterflies, helping them build fat reserves for migration or winter ^[29].

But it doesn’t stop there. Goldenrod is also a host plant for 115 species of Lepidoptera, including moths and butterflies ^[30]. Plus, it attracts other beneficial insects like beetles, wasps, and flies, making it a key player in sustaining Maryland’s pollinator ecosystem.

Bloom Period and Seasonal Support

Goldenrod flowers from August through October ^[31], with its bright yellow clusters staying vibrant for weeks. Deadheading spent blooms can stretch this period even further into the fall ^[31], ensuring pollinators have a consistent food source late in the season.

Climate Suitability for Maryland

Goldenrod thrives in USDA cold hardiness zones 2 to 8 ^[31], making it a perfect match for Maryland’s varied landscapes, from the mountains to the coastal plains. It grows best in full sun to light shade and adapts to many soil types, though it prefers slightly acidic to neutral pH levels ^[32]. Once established, goldenrod is highly drought-tolerant and only needs extra watering during extended dry spells ^[31].

Maintenance Requirements

Goldenrod is incredibly easy to care for. After planting, water thoroughly and keep the soil moist weekly until the plant is well-established. Once settled, natural rainfall is usually enough. Pruning in early spring – cutting back to half its height – encourages bushier growth, while trimming stalks at the end of the season helps prevent self-seeding. Fertilization is rarely needed, and over-fertilizing should be avoided, as it can lead to weak, floppy stems ^[31][32]. Taller varieties may require staking for additional support ^[31].

For long-term health, divide the plants every few years in early spring or fall ^[31][32]. While goldenrod is generally trouble-free, keep an eye out for minor issues like rust, powdery mildew, and leaf spots. Proper spacing and good air circulation can help reduce the risk of these problems, as goldenrod prefers drier soils and can be vulnerable to root rot in overly wet conditions ^[31][32].

6. Wild Bergamot (Monarda fistulosa)

Wild bergamot, also known as bee balm, is a perennial from the mint family that produces clusters of tubular flowers. These blooms are a magnet for a variety of pollinators, offering sweet nectar and an accessible structure that attracts both generalist and specialist species throughout the summer.

Pollinator Species Attracted

Wild bergamot is a favorite among many pollinators. It draws long-tongued bees, bumble bees, butterflies, skippers, and even hummingbird moths. Specialist species like the small black sweat bee, Dufourea monardae, rely on bee balm, especially in the Midwest and Northeast ^[33]. Larger pollinators, including hummingbirds and hawk moths, also frequent the plant, contributing to nighttime pollination ^[33].

In the mid-Atlantic region, sand wasps (Bicyrtes) have been observed using wild bergamot extensively for nectar, showcasing its importance for predatory wasps ^[33]. Monarch butterflies benefit from its nectar during migration, and the plant also serves as a larval host for species like the hermit sphinx, orange mint moth, and raspberry pyrausta ^[34]. Some cultivars are particularly appealing to butterflies, making wild bergamot a standout choice for mid-summer pollinator gardens in Maryland.

Bloom Period and Seasonal Support

Wild bergamot shines during mid-summer when other nectar sources may be scarce. In Maryland, it typically blooms from July through August, producing dense, tubular flowers that last for several weeks ^[35]. At its peak, the plant becomes a hive of activity, attracting swallowtail butterflies, hummingbird moths, and bumble bees ^[35]. This extended blooming period ensures a steady supply of nectar during the hottest months, providing vital support for pollinators when food sources are limited.

Climate Suitability for Maryland

Wild bergamot thrives in Maryland’s climate, flourishing in full sun or partial shade ^[38]. It adapts well to the state’s clay and rocky soils, conditions that can challenge other native plants ^[35][36][38]. Its resilience makes it a reliable choice for gardens across the region.

Maintenance Requirements

This plant is a low-maintenance option for pollinator gardens. To prevent powdery mildew, plant wild bergamot in well-drained soil with good air circulation ^[36][37][38]. Water regularly during the first year to establish the plant, but after that, it requires minimal watering, as it becomes drought-tolerant ^[38]. Deadheading spent flowers encourages repeat blooms, and trimming in the fall promotes vigorous growth in the spring ^[36][38].

Wild bergamot naturally spreads through self-seeding and rhizomes, so dividing clumps every 3–4 years helps maintain its vigor and control its spread ^[36][39]. Fertilizer is rarely needed, but if the plant shows weak growth, a balanced fertilizer in early spring can help ^[36][38]. Avoid overhead watering to reduce disease risk, and rest assured – wild bergamot is naturally resistant to deer and rabbits ^[35][38][39]. These qualities make it a fantastic addition to any garden focused on supporting pollinators.

7. New England Aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae)

The New England aster is a standout in Maryland gardens, especially for late-season pollinators. This native perennial bursts into vivid colors – ranging from blue-purple to lavender-pink with bright yellow-orange centers – just as many other flowers begin to fade. Each flower head is packed with 45–100 individual ray flowers, offering an abundant source of nectar and pollen in every bloom ^[42].

Pollinator Species Attracted

Rated as a 3-star nectar and pollen source for honey bees ^[43], the New England aster is a magnet for a diverse range of pollinators. Its visitors include long-tongued bees, bee flies, butterflies, and skippers ^[41]. Some frequent bee species include large carpenter bees, bumble bees, honey bees, Andrenid bees, sweat bees, and small carpenter bees ^[40]. Beyond bees, it serves as a host plant for pearl crescent butterflies ^[41] and supports over 36 species of moths as a larval host ^[44].

Bloom Period and Seasonal Support

Blooming from late summer through early fall – typically August to October – this plant is a lifeline for pollinators when other nectar sources have dwindled ^[41]. Its nectar is rich in sugars and amino acids, offering vital energy for migrating butterflies and those still breeding late in the season ^[45]. Interestingly, research shows that the straight native New England aster attracts three times more pollinators than the cultivated variety "Purple Dome" ^[41]. Its late bloom ensures a steady supply of nourishment for pollinators during a critical time of year.

Climate Suitability for Maryland

The New England aster thrives in Maryland’s climate, flourishing in USDA zones 3–8, which includes Maryland’s zones 6–8 ^[47][48]. It adapts well to various soil conditions, favoring moist, well-draining soil but also tolerating heavier clay soils. Once established, it can handle occasional dry spells ^[41][47][48]. This resilience makes it a low-maintenance yet rewarding choice for gardeners looking to support pollinators.

Maintenance Requirements

To keep the New England aster healthy and vibrant, plant it in full sun, ensuring at least six hours of daily sunlight ^[50]. Use moist, well-draining soil, and water during dry periods. Pruning back by one-third in early summer can help manage its height, and taller varieties may require staking. Divide the plant every few years to maintain vigor, monitor for powdery mildew, and deadhead spent flowers to prevent excessive self-seeding ^{[41][44][46][47][48][49][50]}. For an extra boost, apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring ^[47][49]. These simple steps ensure a thriving plant with an abundance of late-season blooms.

8. Cardinal Flower (Lobelia cardinalis)

The cardinal flower stands out as one of Maryland’s native gems, with its striking red tubular blooms offering an essential nectar source for pollinators during the late summer months. Dr. Larry Mellichamp aptly noted, "Cardinal flower is so widely recognized and grown, it could be our national flower" ^[52]. Beyond its visual appeal, this plant plays a key role in supporting a variety of pollinators.

Pollinator Species Attracted

The bright red flowers of the cardinal flower are a magnet for pollinators. From mid-August through October, Ruby-throated Hummingbirds are frequent visitors, drawn by the plant’s rich nectar ^[51][52]. Butterflies, bees, and larger species like swallowtail butterflies also flock to these blooms, making it a hub of activity for pollinating insects ^[53][54].

Bloom Period and Seasonal Support

In Maryland, the cardinal flower typically blooms from July through September, with some plants continuing into October ^[53][54][55]. This extended flowering season is especially valuable for migrating pollinators, providing a critical food source when other nectar-rich plants are less available.

Climate Suitability for Maryland

As a native species, the cardinal flower thrives in Maryland’s environment. Found naturally in wet woods and meadows, it prefers moist to wet, nutrient-rich soils. It does well in partial shade but can also adapt to full sun if the soil remains consistently moist. Its hardiness across USDA zones 3–9 makes it a reliable choice for Maryland gardens ^[53][56][57].

Maintenance Requirements

To ensure the cardinal flower thrives, plant it in areas that retain moisture, such as rain gardens, along pond edges, or near downspouts. Avoid covering the basal foliage with excessive mulch, and provide extra water during dry periods to keep the soil consistently damp. With these simple care steps, this stunning native plant can flourish in any suitable garden setting.

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9. Blazing Star (Liatris spicata)

Blazing star brings a striking vertical element to Maryland pollinator gardens with its tall, purple flower spikes that stand out during the summer months. This native perennial is a powerhouse for pollinators, offering both nectar and pollen, while also serving as a host plant for two specialist bee species. According to the Xerces Society, "Just about any blazing star that’s native to your region will be attractive to all manner of pollinators…" ^[58]. Its broad appeal makes it a vital addition to Maryland’s pollinator-friendly landscapes.

Pollinator Species Attracted

Blazing star draws an impressive array of pollinators in Maryland. Butterflies such as monarchs, tiger swallowtails, clouded sulphurs, orange sulphurs, gray hairstreaks, Aphrodite fritillaries, painted ladies, red admirals, and wood nymphs are frequent visitors ^[59]. It also supports specialist bees like Melissodes coloradensis and Melissodes vernoniae ^[60]. Beyond these, bumblebees, digger bees, long-horned bees, leaf-cutting bees, and various skipper species are attracted to its blooms. Even hummingbirds stop by for nectar. Adding to its ecological value, blazing star serves as a host for the caterpillars of the glorious and liatris flower moths, further boosting biodiversity ^[59].

Bloom Period and Seasonal Support

Blazing star typically blooms from July to August in Maryland, with its flowers opening gradually over several weeks ^[60][61]. The blooms start at the top of the spike and work their way downward, extending the flowering period and ensuring a steady supply of nectar and pollen for late-summer pollinators. Once the flowers fade, the seeds provide an additional food source for birds throughout the fall and winter ^[60].

Climate Suitability for Maryland

This resilient plant thrives in Maryland’s varied conditions. It handles summer heat and humidity well, flourishing in USDA zones 3–9 ^[62][64]. Blazing star prefers full sun and well-drained soils with a slightly acidic to neutral pH. While it adapts to different soil types – such as clay, loam, and sandy soils – it performs best in moist to wet conditions ^[63][65]. Once established, it develops strong drought tolerance, allowing it to endure occasional dry spells ^[62][65].

Maintenance Requirements

Blazing star is a fuss-free option for gardeners with busy schedules. Plant it in full sun and well-draining soil to avoid root rot, and amend heavy clay soils if necessary to improve drainage. After planting, water thoroughly and provide additional irrigation during the hottest summer months. Thanks to its drought tolerance, it can often rely on rainfall once established. While it thrives in average garden soils without extra fertilization, deadheading spent flowers encourages more blooms. Leaving some seed heads intact can also provide a valuable food source for birds during the winter months.

10. Partridge Pea (Chamaecrista fasciculata)

The partridge pea is a native annual legume that plays a dual role in the ecosystem: it supports pollinators by offering pollen (though it doesn’t produce nectar) and enriches soil by fixing approximately 100 pounds of nitrogen per acre ^[66][69].

Pollinator Species Attracted

This plant is a magnet for beneficial insects, especially buzz-pollinating bees like bumblebees and carpenter bees. It also attracts specialist species such as Walsh’s anthophora (Anthophora walshii) and Svastra atripes ^[66][67]. Interestingly, its extrafloral nectaries, located at the base of its petioles, draw in ants, butterflies, wasps, and lady beetles, which, in turn, help protect the plant from herbivores ^[66]. A study conducted by the University of Maryland even suggests that the partridge pea can act as a trap crop, luring pests like stink bugs and European corn borers away from crops like corn while simultaneously attracting predatory insects ^[66]. These interactions highlight the plant’s ecological importance in Maryland gardens.

Bloom Period and Seasonal Support

Blooming from July through September, the partridge pea delivers a steady supply of pollen during late summer – a critical time when many other native plants have finished flowering ^[66][69].

Climate Suitability for Maryland

As a native species, the partridge pea is well-suited to Maryland’s climate. It thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 3–11 ^[69], performing best in medium to dry, well-drained soils, particularly sandy ones ^[68]. While it prefers full sun, it can tolerate light shade, making it adaptable to various garden environments ^[68].

Maintenance Requirements

Partridge pea is a low-maintenance plant that combines ease of care with ecological benefits. It grows well in full sun or light shade and in medium to dry, well-drained soils ^[68]. Once established, it requires minimal upkeep and is generally resistant to diseases ^[66]. The plant self-seeds, and lightly disturbing the soil in late winter or early spring can promote better germination ^[66]. However, managing its spread is essential to keep it contained. Additionally, partridge pea can act as a "bridge" plant, suppressing weeds and filling in gaps between perennials as they establish themselves ^[68].

11. Red Columbine (Aquilegia canadensis)

Red Columbine (Aquilegia canadensis) is a springtime favorite often called "the darling of shady pollinator gardens" ^[70]. Recognized as the Wildflower of the Year in 1998 by the Virginia Native Plant Society ^[71], this woodland gem brings vibrant beauty to gardens while offering much-needed support for early-season pollinators when other plants are just waking up from winter.

Pollinator Species Attracted

With its striking red and yellow tubular flowers, Red Columbine is a magnet for pollinators. Hummingbirds and butterflies are frequent visitors ^[71], and its nectar-rich blooms provide critical energy for long-tongued insects and ruby-throated hummingbirds ^[72]. The plant is also a host for the Columbine Duskywing butterfly ^[70], making it an essential addition to any pollinator-friendly garden.

Bloom Period and Seasonal Support

Red Columbine blooms heavily from April through July ^[70], perfectly timed to support early-season pollinators. As one source highlights:

"Peak bloom occurs as the ruby-throated hummingbirds arrive from Mexico." ^[70]

This natural timing underscores the value of native plants in garden planning. Pairing Red Columbine with spring bulbs, trilliums, wild geranium, or ginger ^[72] can create a continuous sequence of blooms throughout the spring.

Climate Suitability for Maryland

Native to woodlands across eastern North America ^[71], Red Columbine thrives in Maryland’s diverse climate. While it is widespread throughout the state, it is less common in the Coastal Plain due to the rarity of calcareous soils ^[70]. The plant adapts well to part shade and part sun, making it ideal for transitional spaces between full sun and deep shade ^[70].

Maintenance Requirements

Red Columbine offers a beautiful display with minimal upkeep. It thrives in well-drained soil and prefers part shade to part sun ^[70]. During its establishment phase or extended dry spells, young plants benefit from occasional supplemental watering ^[75].

To keep the plant looking its best, cut back foliage after blooming to manage self-seeding and maintain a tidy appearance ^[70]. Deadheading spent flowers improves air circulation and can help prevent powdery mildew during damp, cool springs ^[70][73]. For long-term care, trim stems back to within 2 inches of the soil once the plant goes dormant in summer ^[73]. Since dormant plants can vanish entirely, marking their location can prevent accidental disturbance ^[73]. If powdery mildew appears, promptly remove affected foliage to maintain plant health ^[73].

Another bonus for Maryland gardeners? Red Columbine is naturally resistant to deer and rabbits, making it a low-maintenance and resilient choice ^[70][74].

12. Pro Landscapes MD (Professional Landscaping Services)

Pro Landscapes MD takes the importance of native plants to heart, offering specialized services to create and maintain thriving pollinator habitats. Crafting a successful pollinator garden with Maryland’s native plants involves more than just picking the right flowers – it requires skilled design, installation, and upkeep. With their horticultural expertise, Pro Landscapes MD helps homeowners transform their outdoor spaces into vital ecosystems that support pollinators.

Thoughtful Plant Selection and Garden Design

Operating in central Maryland, Pro Landscapes MD knows that native plants are key to attracting beneficial insects to your garden ^[76]. Their team carefully selects native Maryland species that provide essential nectar and pollen ^[77], ensuring your garden becomes a haven for local wildlife.

Their landscape designs are tailored to Maryland’s diverse growing conditions, from the Coastal Plain to the Piedmont region. Whether you want to plant spring bloomers like Red Columbine in shaded areas or create sunny meadows filled with Black-eyed Susans and Purple Coneflowers, their expertise ensures each plant is placed for optimal pollinator support. This thoughtful approach to design and sustainability is what sets them apart.

Full-Service Installation and Maintenance

Pro Landscapes MD doesn’t just stop at planting; they provide a full range of services to ensure your garden thrives year-round. As they put it:

"At Pro Landscapes MD, we specialize in creating outdoor environments that blend beauty, function, and sustainability." ^[78]

Their services include design, installation, and ongoing maintenance, which is especially crucial for keeping pollinator gardens healthy. Native plants have unique seasonal needs, and their team knows how to address them. For example, they focus on early care for plants like Butterflyweed in the spring and fall maintenance that preserves overwintering habitats for helpful insects. This balanced approach ensures your garden remains both beautiful and functional throughout the seasons.

Commitment to Sustainability

Pro Landscapes MD emphasizes eco-friendly practices that conserve water, utilize native plants, and support healthy ecosystems ^[78]. This approach aligns perfectly with the goals of pollinator gardens, as native plants generally require less water and upkeep while delivering higher habitat value.

Their sustainable methods include careful installation, effective drainage solutions, and diligent care to keep plants and pollinators thriving. As they explain:

"From initial design to final installation and ongoing maintenance, we offer comprehensive services to keep your landscape looking beautiful year-round." ^[78]

For Maryland homeowners eager to combat the decline of pollinators by planting native flowers, shrubs, and trees that provide essential food and shelter ^[4], working with experienced professionals like Pro Landscapes MD can make all the difference. They help create gardens that not only flourish but also contribute to local biodiversity for years to come.

Tips for Planting and Maintaining a Maryland Pollinator Garden

If you’re looking to create a thriving pollinator garden in Maryland, careful planning and maintenance are key. Here’s how to make your garden a welcoming haven for pollinators throughout the season.

Group Plants for Maximum Impact

When it comes to attracting pollinators, grouping plants together is far more effective than scattering individual specimens. As experts recommend, "Plant in groups – Clumps of flowering plants will attract more pollinators than single plants scattered in the landscape" ^[2]. These clusters act as visual beacons, making it easier for pollinators to locate and feed in your garden.

For the best results, stick to clumps of the same species. Native Maryland plants like Purple Coneflower and Black-eyed Susan are excellent choices for this technique. By keeping nectar and pollen sources concentrated, pollinators can spend less time traveling and more time feeding and pollinating. To further enhance your garden, consider adding a variety of plant forms.

Design for Structural Diversity

Pollinators come in all shapes and sizes, and they have different preferences when it comes to flowers. By varying the structure of your plants – colors, shapes, and heights – you can attract a broader range of species ^[1]. For instance, butterflies love flat flowers like Lanceleaf Coreopsis, while bees are drawn to tubular blooms like those of the Cardinal Flower.

To create a layered effect, incorporate plants of different heights. Taller plants, such as New England Aster, work well at the back of sunny borders, while medium-height plants like Butterflyweed fit nicely in the middle. Groundcovers can fill in the front. Don’t forget to include native trees and shrubs to provide additional habitat and complete the garden’s ecosystem.

Plan for Continuous Blooms

Pollinators need a consistent supply of nectar and pollen throughout the growing season ^[80]. To achieve this, plan your garden with overlapping bloom periods. Early spring is often overlooked, but it’s a critical time for pollinators when food sources are scarce ^[79].

Here’s a seasonal guide to help you plan:

As one expert notes, "Choose plants that have overlapping periods of bloom to provide nectar and pollen resources for as long as possible" ^[1]. This ensures that pollinators always have something to feed on, from early spring to late fall.

Incorporate Native Trees and Shrubs

While flowers often steal the spotlight, native trees and shrubs are equally important. They provide food, shelter, and nesting sites for pollinators ^[1]. Early-blooming trees like Red Maple and Serviceberry are especially valuable, offering pollen and nectar when other plants are still dormant. Shrubs like New Jersey Tea, Summersweet, and Virginia Sweetspire extend the blooming season and create nesting habitats for native bees.

Steve Blackledge, Senior Director of the Conservation America Campaign at Environment America, highlights the importance of native plants: "Native species – especially pollinators – require native plants, as they’re the best sources of nectar and pollen for bees, butterflies and more" ^[82]. This point is especially urgent given the alarming statistic that "a quarter of known bee species haven’t been seen since the 90s" ^[82].

Implement Eco-Friendly Maintenance Practices

The final step to a successful pollinator garden is adopting eco-friendly care practices. Native plants are naturally suited to Maryland’s environment, requiring less maintenance and being more resistant to local pests ^[1].

Here are some tips to keep your garden pollinator-friendly:

• Ditch the chemicals: Avoid pesticides and herbicides, as even small amounts can harm beneficial insects. Instead, encourage natural pest control by attracting birds and predatory insects.
• Embrace the mess: Leave parts of your garden "messy" during winter. Native bees often overwinter in plant stems and leaf litter.
• Water wisely: Deep, infrequent watering encourages deep root growth, making plants more drought-tolerant. Mulch with organic materials like shredded leaves or wood chips to retain moisture and suppress weeds.
• Time your pruning: Delay cutting back perennials until late spring to protect overwintering insects. When pruning, leave stems 12–18 inches tall to provide nesting sites for native bees.

Working with Professional Landscaping Services for Pollinator Gardens

Creating a pollinator garden isn’t just about picking pretty flowers – it’s about thoughtful design, proper installation, and ongoing care. Professional landscaping services can turn your Maryland property into a thriving haven for pollinators. By building on basic garden planning tips, these experts ensure your garden flourishes for years to come.

Understanding Maryland’s Unique Growing Conditions

Maryland’s landscape is incredibly diverse, spanning mountains, the Piedmont plateau, and coastal plains. Each region comes with its own set of challenges for gardeners ^[1]. Professional landscapers, like Pro Landscapes MD, bring local expertise to the table. They choose native plants specifically suited to the soil, climate, and microclimate of your area, ensuring your garden thrives in Maryland’s varied conditions.

Expert Plant Selection and Garden Design

While it might be tempting to plant a few native flowers on your own, professionals create fully functional pollinator habitats. They carefully select plants based on factors like sunlight, soil moisture, and type, ensuring your garden blooms from early spring to late fall ^[1]. Pro Landscapes MD focuses on eco-conscious designs, pairing beauty with purpose by creating gardens that support pollinators with food and shelter throughout the year ^[83].

Creating Complete Pollinator Habitats

A successful pollinator garden is more than just a collection of vibrant flowers. It’s about creating a supportive ecosystem. Professional landscapers incorporate host plants, nesting spots, and even winter shelters for pollinators ^[1]. For example, Pro Landscapes MD can design garden beds with proper drainage, add walkways that protect nesting areas, and include water features to provide drinking spots for pollinators. They also skillfully integrate hardscaping elements, blending functionality with ecological benefits.

Sustainable Installation and Maintenance Practices

Installing a pollinator garden requires careful attention to details like soil preparation, plant spacing, and timing. Pro Landscapes MD emphasizes sustainable practices in their maintenance approach. Instead of aggressive fall cleanups that can harm overwintering insects, they focus on selective maintenance. By leaving unpruned perennials and garden debris, they preserve critical habitats for pollinators ^[1].

Avoiding Common Mistakes

Even well-meaning gardeners can make choices that unintentionally harm pollinator populations, such as selecting the wrong plants or using unsuitable maintenance techniques. Professional landscapers help you avoid these mistakes by understanding the complex relationships between plants, pollinators, and their environment. When hiring a landscaping service, ask about their expertise with native Maryland plants and their methods for creating diverse, pollinator-friendly gardens ^[1]. Pro Landscapes MD stays informed on the latest research in pollinator conservation, ensuring every garden supports a rich, biodiverse ecosystem.

Long-Term Garden Success

A professionally designed pollinator garden only gets better with time. Native plants grow stronger, attract more pollinators, and require less upkeep as they mature. Pro Landscapes MD provides ongoing support, adjusting plant selections as your garden evolves and offering seasonal advice to maximize bloom times and overall garden health. Their expertise not only maintains your garden’s beauty but also strengthens Maryland’s essential pollinator network.

Conclusion

Planting a pollinator garden with native Maryland plants does more than enhance your yard – it supports essential species that play a critical role in our ecosystem. Pollinators are responsible for the reproduction of over 75% of flowering plants and nearly 35% of the world’s food crops ^[86][87]. To put it into perspective, every third bite of food we eat is thanks to these hardworking creatures ^[3][85].

Native plants are perfectly suited to Maryland’s diverse environments. They provide high-quality nectar and pollen for local pollinators while requiring minimal care ^[2][82]. This not only conserves water but also reduces pesticide use and improves water quality ^[81][82]. As Diane De Luca from NH Audubon highlights:

"By creating a pollinator garden, you can contribute to conservation efforts while supporting biodiversity. Even small gardens provide critical food sources and shelter for these vital species" ^[86].

The benefits extend beyond your garden. Insect pollination contributes over $34 billion annually to U.S. agricultural crops ^[84]. Pollinator habitats also boost local farming by increasing yields and cutting down on chemical use ^[85]. With a quarter of known bee species not observed since the 1990s, your garden – no matter the size – can help reverse this trend ^[82].

Starting your pollinator garden doesn’t have to be overwhelming. Whether you plant a few native species or create a larger habitat, every step helps. Consider planting species like butterflyweed, Black-eyed Susan, and purple coneflower in clusters to provide continuous blooms and attract pollinators throughout the growing season ^[2].

For those looking for expert assistance, Pro Landscapes MD specializes in native plant selection and sustainable garden designs tailored to central Maryland. Their local expertise ensures your garden thrives while supporting the region’s pollinator network. By combining eco-friendly practices with a deep understanding of Maryland’s growing conditions, they create landscapes that benefit both wildlife and the community.

Take the first step today – plan your pollinator garden and help protect these essential species while creating a beautiful, low-maintenance space that enriches both your environment and your neighborhood.

FAQs

What are the best ways to create a pollinator garden in Maryland that blooms all season long?

To design a pollinator garden in Maryland that stays vibrant throughout the growing season, focus on native plants that bloom at different times of the year. For instance, you could plant Virginia bluebells to brighten up early spring (March–May), butterfly weed for the summer months (June–August), and black-eyed Susans to carry the garden into late summer and fall (July–September). Adding goldenrod, purple coneflowers, and New York ironweed will ensure your garden offers continuous bursts of color and nectar from spring all the way through fall.

To keep pollinators coming back, choose a mix of species with overlapping bloom periods. This creates a steady supply of food and support for bees, butterflies, and other pollinators. Skip pesticides that could harm these important creatures, and think about including extras like nesting areas or a small water source to make your garden even more welcoming. Native plants not only support pollinators but also boost local biodiversity, giving you a garden that’s as beneficial as it is beautiful.

Why should I choose native Maryland plants for my pollinator garden instead of non-native ones?

Why Choose Native Maryland Plants for Your Pollinator Garden?

Opting for native Maryland plants in your pollinator garden offers plenty of advantages. These plants are naturally equipped to thrive in Maryland’s unique climate and soil, which means they’re more likely to flourish with minimal effort. You’ll spend less time on maintenance like watering and fertilizing, saving both time and resources.

Beyond being low-maintenance, native plants are a lifeline for local pollinators such as bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. They provide the nectar and pollen these species depend on, helping to sustain their populations and boost biodiversity in your area. Plus, native plants play a big role in creating healthier ecosystems by encouraging natural pest control. This reduces the need for chemical treatments, making your garden a more environmentally friendly space.

What are the best ways to create a pollinator-friendly garden in Maryland?

How to Create a Pollinator-Friendly Garden in Maryland

If you’re planning a garden in Maryland and want to make it a haven for pollinators, start by planting native flowers that bloom from early spring through late fall. This ensures there’s always nectar and pollen available for bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. Opt for a mix of plants with various shapes, sizes, and colors, and group them together to make it easier for pollinators to locate their food.

You can also make your garden more inviting by offering shelter and nesting spots. Native groundcovers, bare soil patches, dead stems, and even bee houses can provide safe spaces for pollinators to rest and reproduce. To keep your garden safe, steer clear of pesticides, which can harm these essential creatures. Adding shallow water sources, like dishes filled with water or small mud puddles, can give pollinators a place to stay hydrated.

If you need help designing a lively and pollinator-friendly garden, consider reaching out to Pro Landscapes MD. They’re a trusted name in landscaping and garden design throughout central Maryland.

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