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Did you know? Native plants support 29 times more wildlife diversity than non-native species in Maryland. A single native white oak can sustain 557 species of butterflies and moths, while non-native trees like ginkgo support only five.
Why Native Plants Matter:
- Wildlife Support: Essential for birds, insects, and pollinators. For example, raising one brood of chickadees requires 6,000 caterpillars, which native plants provide.
- Efficiency: Require less water, fertilizer, and maintenance, as they’re adapted to Maryland’s climate.
- Environmental Benefits: Improve soil health, reduce erosion, and manage stormwater effectively.
- Biodiversity: Help reverse alarming trends like the disappearance of 25% of bee species since the 1990s.
Quick Actions for Your Yard:
- Replace non-native plants with natives like oaks, dogwoods, and milkweed.
- Aim for 70% native plants in your garden to maximize wildlife support.
- Choose species suited to your local conditions for low-maintenance beauty.
By incorporating native plants, you can create a thriving habitat for wildlife, conserve resources, and contribute to a healthier ecosystem. Start small – every plant helps!
Let’s Transform this Maryland Landscape with 100’s of Native Plants!
Study Results on Native Plants in Maryland
Recent studies have reinforced what ecologists have long believed: native plants are essential for Maryland’s ecosystems. They not only sustain local wildlife but also play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance. The evidence is clear – native species outperform non-native ones in supporting Maryland’s diverse ecosystems.
Wildlife and Pollinator Population Growth
Native plants are the backbone of Maryland’s food chain. Research shows they support thriving populations of native insects, which are a critical food source for young birds [3]. This creates a ripple effect, strengthening the entire ecosystem.
Pollinators, like bees and butterflies, also benefit significantly from native plants. These plants provide the ideal nectar and pollen sources, which are essential for pollinators’ survival. Alarmingly, about 25% of known bee species haven’t been observed since the 1990s [2]. By integrating native plants, we can help reverse this trend.
Local birds also depend on native plants for food, shelter, and nesting material. Seeds, berries, and nectar from native species meet their needs because these plants and animals evolved together [7][3]. A prime example of this relationship is the C&O Canal National Historical Park, which boasts over 1,500 species of vascular plants [6], making it one of the most biologically diverse parks in the National Park system.
"Native plants are an essential part of the ecosystem in the C&O Canal National Historical Park (NHP), which is one of the most biologically diverse parks in the National Park system, especially in regard to plant species." – C&O Canal Trust [6]
Beyond supporting wildlife, native plants also improve soil health and water management, ensuring long-term ecological resilience.
Soil Health and Water Management Benefits
Native plants contribute significantly to healthier soil and better water management across Maryland’s varied landscapes. Their deep root systems stabilize soil, prevent erosion, and improve overall structure [9][10]. This creates more resilient conditions for plants and reduces the need for human intervention.
Stormwater management is another area where native plants shine. They absorb excess water, reduce runoff, and enhance water infiltration, all while increasing the soil’s water-holding capacity [9][8]. This is particularly important in Maryland, which experienced 73 inches of rain in 2018 [8].
Nutrient cycling also benefits from native plants. Studies reveal that for every 1% increase in soil organic matter, around ½–1 pound of nitrogen becomes available per 1,000 square feet [8]. Native plants contribute to this organic matter through their natural growth and decomposition, reducing the need for fertilizers. In fact, soils with more than 4% organic matter often require little to no additional fertilization [8].
Another advantage is their low maintenance. Native plants are naturally adapted to Maryland’s climate and soil, so they require less water, fewer fertilizers, and minimal pesticide use [10]. In contrast, invasive species often outcompete native plants, providing little to no support for local insects and wildlife [7].
Maryland’s diverse geography, which includes mountains, the Piedmont plateau, and coastal plains, provides an excellent backdrop to observe these benefits. Across all regions, native plants consistently prove their worth by supporting ecosystems more effectively while demanding fewer resources.
How Native Plants Support Maryland’s Wildlife
For thousands of years, native plants and Maryland’s wildlife have developed a deep connection, forming essential ecological partnerships. As Ellen Beth Gorman from The Nature Conservancy puts it:
"Plants and animals have evolved together over millennia…all flora and fauna rely on their uniquely evolved habitats to survive." – Ellen Beth Gorman, Executive Coordinator & Trustee Liaison, Maryland/DC, The Nature Conservancy [4]
This long-standing co-evolution has created specialized relationships where local insects, birds, and mammals depend on specific native plants to thrive. When native plants are replaced with non-native species, these critical food web links are disrupted, leaving wildlife without the resources they need.
Food Sources for Birds, Insects, and Mammals
Native plants act as natural food providers for Maryland’s wildlife by supplying nectar, pollen, seeds, and berries. They also support thriving insect populations, which form the backbone of many food chains. For example, raising just one brood of chickadees requires more than 6,000 caterpillars [13]. Native oak trees alone can host over 500 species of caterpillars, while non-native ginkgo trees support a mere five species [13].
This intricate balance between native plants and insects is highlighted by the University of Maryland Extension:
"Over millennia, native insects and native plants have co-evolved and reached an intricate balance. Many insects can only eat the plants they co-evolved with." – University of Maryland Extension [3]
Take monarch butterflies as an example – they depend entirely on native milkweed as the host plant for their caterpillars [11]. Beyond insects, native plants also provide birds and mammals with seeds, berries, and nectar, while offering critical nesting materials and shelter. Together, these elements form a complete habitat package that supports diverse and resilient food webs.
Native vs. Non-Native Plants for Wildlife Support
The difference between native and non-native plants in supporting wildlife is striking. Research in the Mid-Atlantic region reveals that native plants support 15 times more native caterpillar species than non-native plants – 74 species versus just five [14]. While non-native plants may look appealing and provide limited resources, they often disrupt food web connections. Many non-native species become invasive, crowding out local plants and degrading habitats essential to native wildlife [13]. Furthermore, non-native plants often lack the chemical signals and seasonal timing that native insects need to survive and reproduce.
Lisa Kuder from the University of Maryland Extension explains:
"Native plants are the foundation of healthy ecosystems. Folks like Doug Tallamy, Heather Holm, and Rebecca McCracken have shared this message in a way that resonates with people. They’ve shown how all of us, through small actions, can make a meaningful difference. There’s a saying that if you plant natives, wildlife will come! It’s true – fireflies, butterflies, wild bees, and songbirds – they’ve coevolved with the unique chemistries and phenologies of indigenous flora. By incorporating a greater abundance and variety of native plants in our residential and commercial landscapes, we’ll not only support these charismatic animals, but we’ll also mitigate biodiversity loss, and contribute to a healthy Bay." – Lisa Kuder, Native Plants & Landscape Specialist at University of Maryland Extension [12]
Native plants bloom and bear fruit in sync with local wildlife needs, ensuring timely food and shelter. This precise timing benefits both specialist species and generalists, creating a resilient ecosystem that can adapt to environmental changes.
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Adding Native Plants to Your Maryland Landscape
Transform your outdoor space into a haven for wildlife by incorporating native plants that thrive in Maryland’s unique climate and soil. With thoughtful planning and plant selection, you can create an attractive, low-maintenance landscape that also benefits the environment.
Creating Wildlife-Friendly Garden Designs
Designing a native plant garden is about more than just aesthetics – it’s about building an ecosystem. According to the University of Maryland Extension, landscapes with diverse plant life are more adaptable to environmental changes and attract beneficial insects that aid in pollination, pest control, and providing food for birds. To maximize these benefits, aim for at least 70% native plants in your garden design [15]. Research from 2018 by Desiree Narango highlights the importance of native plants, showing that backyards with less than 30% non-native plant biomass better supported Carolina chickadees, while higher proportions of non-native plants often led to reduced breeding success [16].
Start by removing stressed or overgrown plants near your home and replacing them with native species to create a cost-effective transformation. A layered approach works best – combine trees, shrubs, perennials, and grasses to provide food and shelter for wildlife. Group plants with similar water, light, and soil needs to simplify care and ensure healthy growth [10]. Consider integrating native plants into borders, meadows, or woodland edges, and leave some areas untamed to support local species. Maryland law supports these efforts, with legislation passed in 2021 that protects low-impact landscaping practices, including habitat gardens and pollinator-friendly spaces [15].
With your design in place, the next step is selecting native species that will thrive in Maryland’s environment.
Best Native Plant Species for Maryland
Choosing the right native plants is key to creating a thriving, low-maintenance landscape. These species are adapted to Maryland’s conditions, making them more resilient and beneficial for local ecosystems.
Trees are the backbone of any wildlife-friendly garden. Native oaks (Quercus spp.) are a standout choice, supporting over 530 species of butterfly and moth caterpillars – far more than invasive species like butterfly bush, which supports only one [16]. Other excellent options include birches (Betula spp.), cherries (Prunus spp.), and willows (Salix spp.), all of which provide vital resources for a wide range of insects [16].
Shrubs play a crucial role by offering berries and nesting sites. Species like gray dogwood (Cornus racemosa), red osier dogwood (Cornus sericea), silky dogwood (Cornus amomum), and southern arrowwood (Viburnum dentatum) are particularly bird-friendly. Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia), a native vine, also produces berries that sustain birds through fall and winter [16].
| Plant Category | Species | Primary Wildlife Benefit |
|---|---|---|
| Trees | Native Oaks (Quercus spp.) | Supports 530+ butterfly/moth species |
| Trees | Birches (Betula spp.) | High butterfly/moth diversity |
| Shrubs | Gray Dogwood (Cornus racemosa) | Provides bird-friendly berries |
| Wildflowers | Black-Eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta) | Nectar source for pollinators |
| Wildflowers | Butterfly Weed (Asclepias tuberosa) | Host plant for monarch butterflies |
| Grasses | Woolgrass (Scirpus cyperinus) | Habitat for aquatic wildlife |
Wildflowers add vibrant color while attracting pollinators. Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta) and butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa) are excellent choices, supporting bees, butterflies, and even monarch caterpillars [11]. Wild bergamot (Monarda fistulosa) is another great option, drawing bees, butterflies, and hummingbird moths with its fragrant blooms [11].
For groundcover, consider plants like Christmas fern (Polystichum acrostichoides) for year-round greenery or wild ginger (Asarum canadense), which provides shelter for small creatures while helping to prevent soil erosion [11]. In wetter areas, woolgrass (Scirpus cyperinus) offers important habitat for aquatic wildlife [11].
To make sourcing easier, the Maryland Department of Agriculture‘s Native Plants Program works with certified nurseries that dedicate at least 20% of their inventory to native species [12].
Native Plant Care and Maintenance
Once you’ve chosen your plants, proper care will ensure their success and longevity. Native plants are naturally suited to Maryland’s conditions, requiring less water and fertilizer than non-native species. Begin with a soil test and incorporate organic matter to improve soil structure and water retention [15][10].
Planting correctly is crucial. Apply mulch around new plants, keeping it no deeper than 3 inches and avoiding contact with stems to prevent rot or pest issues. During the first growing season, monitor moisture levels closely, especially during Maryland’s hot summers. Consistent watering helps plants establish deep, drought-resistant roots.
Simplifying your design can also make maintenance easier. Opt for one plant species from each category – groundcover, perennial, shrub, and tree – to create a cohesive and manageable layout. Native cultivars with traits like compact growth or disease resistance can further reduce upkeep.
Over time, native plants typically face fewer pest and disease problems, thanks to local beneficial insects that naturally keep pests in check. Their deep roots not only improve soil health and prevent erosion but also reduce the need for supplemental watering once established. For advice tailored to your specific site, consult local nurseries or garden centers to select plants suited to your soil type, sun exposure, and moisture levels. With the right care, your native plant garden will flourish, providing beauty and valuable habitat for Maryland’s wildlife.
Pro Landscapes MD: Native Plant Landscaping Services
Pro Landscapes MD specializes in creating landscapes that harmonize with nature, using native plants and expert horticultural practices to support local wildlife. Based in central Maryland, they serve communities from Annapolis to Gaithersburg, transforming traditional yards into vibrant ecosystems that require less upkeep. Their approach focuses on designing outdoor spaces that are both functional and environmentally responsible.
At the heart of their work is sustainable landscape design. Pro Landscapes MD prioritizes eco-friendly practices like water conservation, the use of native plants, and fostering healthy ecosystems. Their designs aim to protect natural resources, reduce pollution, and minimize the use of harmful chemicals, ensuring that every project contributes to a healthier environment.
Their native plant services focus on selecting species that thrive in the specific soil, light, and climate conditions of each site. This thoughtful selection not only ensures long-term plant health but also reduces maintenance needs, improves soil quality, and supports local pollinators.
Pro Landscapes MD customizes each design to create wildlife-friendly spaces. They incorporate native and drought-tolerant plants, organic mulches, compost, and rainwater capture systems to enhance biodiversity and soil health. Features like rain gardens, swales, and vegetated buffers help manage stormwater and reduce water pollution, while recycled yard debris is used to further minimize environmental impact.
Operating across central Maryland, Pro Landscapes MD serves areas including Howard, Montgomery, Carroll, Frederick, Prince George’s, and Baltimore Counties. Their expertise extends to communities such as Columbia, Ellicott City, Silver Spring, Bethesda, Potomac, and Washington, DC, ensuring tailored solutions for a variety of landscapes.
"Trees, shrubs and grasses that are ‘native’ – indigenous to a particular region before European colonization – are better adapted to that region’s growing conditions." – Gunpowder Valley Conservancy [5]
Their work with keystone plants is particularly impactful. These plants, essential for supporting Maryland wildlife, benefit 90% of butterflies and moths and up to 60% of native bees [17]. By aligning their designs with ecological research, Pro Landscapes MD maximizes the benefits of native plants for local fauna.
Planning is a year-round effort, with designs incorporating plants that bloom in staggered cycles to provide continuous support for pollinators. Fall planting is a key strategy, as it reduces transplant shock and allows plants to establish strong roots before the growing season [17].
From residential gardens to commercial properties, Pro Landscapes MD offers a range of services, including landscaping, hardscaping, and drainage solutions. Their integrated approach ensures that each project contributes meaningfully to ecological balance, creating outdoor spaces that are both beautiful and sustainable.
Conclusion: Building Better Wildlife Habitats with Native Plants
Recent studies highlight how native plants play a key role in creating thriving wildlife habitats across Maryland. Adding native species to your yard can bring real benefits to local ecosystems – whether it’s supporting pollinators or offering vital food sources for birds and other wildlife.
These plants do more than just beautify your landscape. They help tackle pressing environmental issues while boosting biodiversity. Considering that a quarter of known bee species have vanished since the 1990s and nearly 70% of wildlife populations have disappeared in the past 50 years, even small changes – like planting native species – can have a meaningful impact [2][4].
"Native plants are the foundation of health ecosystems… By incorporating a greater abundance and variety of native plants in our residential and commercial landscapes, we’ll not only support these charismatic animals, but we’ll also mitigate biodiversity loss, and contribute to a healthy Bay."
– Lisa Kuder, Native Plants & Landscape Specialist at University of Maryland Extension [18]
Native landscaping also offers practical advantages. These gardens naturally filter stormwater runoff, reducing pollution in the Chesapeake Bay. Plus, they require less maintenance, watering, and fertilizer compared to traditional lawns [2][5].
If you’re ready to get started, consider replacing part of your lawn with native species. Limited on space? No problem – native plants can thrive in containers. Choose a variety of species that bloom at different times of the year to provide continuous support for pollinators [4][5].
"Replacing even a portion of your lawn and landscaping with native plants will produce habitat for micro-organisms, insects, birds and other pollinators to thrive."
– Doug Tallamy, Entomologist [4]
Now is the perfect time for Maryland homeowners to embrace native landscaping. With nurseries offering more native varieties than ever, creating a wildlife-friendly yard has never been easier [1][4].
Every choice you make in your yard matters. Whether you’re planting milkweed to support monarch butterflies or creating nesting sites for songbirds, these efforts link together to form the habitats that wildlife depends on to survive [2].
FAQs
How can I add native plants to my garden without starting from scratch?
To bring native plants into your garden without a complete overhaul, begin by assessing your current landscape. Take note of the plants you want to keep and pinpoint spots where native species could complement your existing setup. Start small – try adding native flowers, shrubs, or grasses along the edges or in open patches. This approach boosts biodiversity while preserving your garden’s overall design.
Another idea is to swap out part of your lawn for a low-maintenance wildflower area or pollinator-friendly plants. When choosing native species, make sure they align with your region’s climate and soil conditions for the best chance of success. Making these changes gradually keeps the process manageable and lets you appreciate your garden’s evolution step by step.
How can I make sure my native plants are helping local wildlife thrive?
To support local wildlife, consider planting 50–70% native species in your garden. Native plants play a crucial role in providing essential food sources like seeds, berries, and nectar for birds, pollinators, and other creatures. To keep the buffet open year-round, pick a mix of plants that bloom at different times during the growing season.
Steer clear of pesticides and chemical fertilizers – they can harm the very insects and animals you’re trying to help. Instead, try sustainable gardening practices like composting and mulching. These methods not only nourish your plants but also promote a thriving ecosystem. With these efforts, your garden can become a lively, welcoming space for wildlife.
What resources are available in Maryland to help me find and identify native plants for my garden?
Maryland is rich with resources to help you find and identify native plants that can boost your garden’s biodiversity. The Maryland Native Plants Program and the Maryland Native Plant Society are excellent starting points, offering expert advice on choosing plants that naturally thrive in the region’s ecosystems.
For even more detailed guidance, the Maryland Department of Natural Resources provides comprehensive plant lists and practical identification tips, making it easier to select species that suit your landscape.
If you’re looking for tailored suggestions, the University of Maryland Extension has a curated list of native plants specifically suited for home gardens. These recommendations not only enhance the beauty of your outdoor space but also support local wildlife and create a more eco-friendly environment.
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