Struggling with erosion on slopes? Native groundcovers are the solution. These plants stabilize soil, control water runoff, and require minimal upkeep. Here’s how to get started:

1. Assess Your Slope: Measure slope grade, check sun exposure, and test soil for pH, nutrients, and compaction.
2. Fix Issues First: Address erosion with jute netting or swales and improve drainage if needed.
3. Choose Native Plants: Select groundcovers suited to your slope’s sun, moisture, and soil conditions. Examples include Wild Strawberry for sunny areas and Woodland Stonecrop for shaded, moist zones.
4. Plant Strategically: Plant in spring or fall, space plants 12–24 inches apart, and mulch to retain moisture and prevent erosion.
5. Maintain Regularly: Weed every 2–3 weeks initially, refresh mulch, prune overgrowth, and inspect for erosion after storms.

For steep slopes or drainage problems, professional help may be necessary. Follow these steps to create a stable, low-maintenance landscape.

Garden Wise: Native Groundcovers for Big Slopes

Step 1: Check Your Slope and Site Conditions

Before diving into planting, it’s crucial to understand the conditions you’re working with. Evaluating your site will help you choose plants and methods that suit your slope.

Measure Slope Features

The steepness of your slope affects everything – from erosion risks to planting techniques. Measuring it is a simple process.

"First, you have to figure out the steepness, or grade, of your slope. It sounds technical, but it’s pretty easy. You can do it with two stakes, a string, and a line level." – Tamura Designs ^[1]

To calculate slope, use the formula rise over run (e.g., 1:12 or 8.33%). Here’s how to measure it:

• Place one stake at the top of the slope and another at the bottom.
• Stretch a string between them and use a line level to ensure it’s horizontal.
• Measure the vertical distance (rise) from the string to the ground at the lower stake.
• Measure the horizontal distance (run) between the two stakes.

Different slopes require different planting approaches:

Observe sun exposure throughout the day. Note which areas get morning or afternoon sun and identify shaded spots. Also, check for natural drainage patterns, such as water flow or pooling during rain.

Once you know your slope’s grade, it’s time to assess and prepare the soil.

Test and Fix Soil

Start by testing your soil’s pH, nutrients, and organic matter. You can use a home kit or consult local extension services. Also, check for compaction by inserting a screwdriver into the soil – if it doesn’t go in easily, the soil is compacted.

• For compacted soil: Add a 2- to 3-inch layer of compost or aged leaf mold. Avoid mixing sand with clay soil, as it can create a concrete-like texture. Instead, focus on organic matter to improve drainage and water retention.
• For alkaline soil: Lower the pH with sulfur or organic materials like pine needles or oak leaves.
• For acidic soil: Raise the pH by adding lime, following the recommendations from your soil test.

Tailor these soil improvements to your slope’s steepness. This will help retain water while preventing erosion. After preparing the soil, address any erosion or drainage issues before planting.

Fix Erosion and Drainage Problems

Before digging, call 811 (Dig Safe) at least 48 hours in advance to check for underground utilities.

Tackle erosion issues first to give your plants the best chance to thrive. Look for exposed roots, small gullies, or areas where topsoil has been washed away. Use temporary erosion controls like biodegradable jute netting or control fabric to stabilize the soil. These materials will naturally break down as plants establish themselves.

Standing water can be just as problematic as erosion. After heavy rain, inspect your slope for pooling water or rapid runoff. Solutions might include:

• Creating gentle swales to redirect water flow.
• Installing French drains in areas with persistent water issues.

"A slope over 30% often needs a professional engineer for retaining walls." – Tamura Designs ^[1]

For very steep slopes or complex drainage problems, professional help may be necessary. Slopes steeper than 33% (3:1 ratio) often require engineered solutions like retaining walls or advanced drainage systems ^[1].

Step 2: Pick the Right Native Groundcovers

Choosing plants that thrive in your slope’s natural conditions is key to achieving stability and promoting healthy growth.

Select Maryland Native Species

Native groundcovers are excellent for stabilizing slopes while supporting local ecosystems. The right choice depends on the specific conditions of your slope:

• Sunny, well-drained slopes:
  Fragaria virginiana (Wild Strawberry) spreads via runners, filling gaps and anchoring soil effectively ^[3].
• Partial shade:
  Packera aurea (Golden Ragwort) grows aggressively through rhizomes and self-seeding, offering quick coverage and erosion control ^[3].
• Shaded, moist slopes:
  Sedum ternatum (Woodland Stonecrop) serves as a durable evergreen groundcover, providing continuous soil protection ^[3].
• For rapid coverage:
  Dennstaedtia punctilobula (Eastern Hayscented Fern) is a fast-spreading option for challenging areas ^[3].
• Low-maintenance areas:
  Potentilla canadensis canadensis (Dwarf Cinquefoil) spreads aggressively by runners, quickly covering the ground and preventing erosion ^[3].

Match Plants to Local Conditions

Pay attention to your slope’s sun exposure and moisture levels to ensure the plants you choose will thrive. For sun-loving species, the area should receive at least six hours of direct sunlight. Shade-adapted plants may struggle under too much sun, while sun-dependent species can weaken in low-light conditions ^[3].

Soil drainage is another critical factor. Consider nearby tree roots, soil type, and whether the area experiences compaction, as these can all impact drainage and moisture levels ^[3].

Here’s a quick guide to matching groundcovers with specific conditions:

Be mindful of surrounding trees and structures, as they might block sunlight or compete for water and nutrients.

Check Growth Patterns and Coverage

Look for groundcovers with spreading or creeping growth habits to quickly cover exposed soil. Plants that propagate through stolons, rhizomes, or suckers are particularly effective at anchoring soil and stabilizing slopes. For instance, Rhus aromatica ‘Gro-Low’ (Fragrant Sumac) spreads aggressively through suckering, making it a strong choice for soil stabilization ^[3].

Dense, fast-growing groundcovers are ideal for outcompeting weeds and creating a continuous living mulch. Self-seeding plants are especially valuable for filling gaps and ensuring long-term resilience ^[3].

Root strength is another important consideration. Plants with deep, strong root systems, often associated with rhizomatous or suckering growth, are particularly effective at holding soil in place. Both evergreen and deciduous species can provide excellent slope stabilization ^[3].

With proper plant selection, you can expect full coverage in two to three growing seasons. Some fast-spreading species may even achieve this in as little as 18 months ^[3].

Once your plants are chosen, the next step is to focus on planting techniques and timing to ensure success on your slope.

Step 3: Plant Native Groundcovers

Planting native groundcovers effectively is crucial for stabilizing slopes and promoting healthy plant growth.

Plan Timing and Spacing

The best time to plant is during spring or fall when moderate temperatures and natural rainfall help roots establish. Steer clear of planting during extreme weather or when the soil is overly wet or frozen.

Spacing plays a big role in ensuring efficient coverage and easier maintenance down the line. For most groundcovers, aim for spacing between 12 and 24 inches. Fast-growing options like crown vetch, which can spread up to 6 feet wide, should be spaced closer – around 12 inches apart – for quicker coverage ^[4]. Slower-growing varieties may require tighter spacing to establish more quickly. While closer spacing speeds up coverage, wider spacing can help cut down on initial costs.

Once you’ve determined the timing and spacing, it’s time to focus on planting techniques to set your groundcovers up for success.

Use Proper Planting Methods

Start by digging holes slightly wider than the plant’s root ball, but not deeper than its original growth depth. The top of the root ball should sit level with or slightly above the surrounding soil. If the roots are compacted, make small vertical cuts to encourage outward growth. Fill the hole back in with native soil to ensure the plants adapt well to the local environment.

To protect the roots and support healthy growth, follow up with proper mulching and watering practices.

Apply Mulch and Water Correctly

Add a 2- to 3-inch layer of organic mulch around the plants. This helps reduce the impact of raindrops, minimizing soil displacement and erosion. In fact, good mulching practices can cut down sediment loss, soil erosion, and runoff by over 90% ^[6][7]. Keep the mulch a few inches away from the plant stems to avoid moisture buildup. Materials like shredded bark, wood chips, or composted leaves are great choices for mulch.

Water deeply using drip irrigation or soaker hoses. For freshly planted groundcovers, water every 2–3 days during the first few weeks, gradually reducing the frequency as the roots establish themselves.

Lastly, evaluate your slope’s grade to ensure it’s suitable for mulching. Slopes with less than a 33% grade are ideal for preventing erosion ^[5][6]. For steeper slopes, you may need to implement additional stabilization measures before planting.

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Step 4: Care for Your Native Groundcovers

Taking care of your native groundcovers is essential to ensure they thrive and keep your slope protected from erosion for years to come.

Remove Weeds and Refresh Mulch

Weeding is especially important during the first growing season when your groundcovers are still getting established. Aim to weed every 2–3 weeks during this time to reduce competition for nutrients and space.

Hand-pulling weeds is the best approach to avoid disturbing the roots of your native plants. Andrea Laine from EMGV highlights this method, quoting Dr. Joe Neal, a professor of weed science at NCSU:

"Most of them I deal with by manually pulling. Dr. Joe Neal, professor of weed science at NCSU, recommends a frequency of every two to three weeks." ^[9]

As your groundcovers grow and spread, they will naturally suppress weeds, reducing the need for mulch. However, weed seeds can still find their way in through wind, birds, or squirrels, so occasional spot-weeding may still be necessary.

This consistent upkeep lays the foundation for the next steps in maintaining your slope.

Trim and Thin Plants

Prune your groundcovers in late winter or early spring to remove dead stems and encourage fuller, healthier growth.

For fast-spreading types like crown vetch, trim the edges annually to keep them from overtaking areas where they’re not wanted. Use sharp, clean pruning shears for smooth cuts that heal quickly. If certain areas become overcrowded, thin out some plants to improve airflow and reduce competition. The plants you remove can often be transplanted to fill bare patches elsewhere on your slope.

Be vigilant about removing invasive or volunteer plants as soon as you spot them to protect your native groundcovers.

Regular pruning and thinning, combined with storm checks, will help keep your slope in good shape.

Check for Erosion Problems

After heavy storms, inspect your slope for signs of erosion, such as exposed roots, soil movement, or bare patches. Catching these issues early allows you to repair them before they escalate.

Fill any bare spots right away with additional plants. Even small gaps can expand quickly with subsequent rainfall, so quick action is crucial. Keeping a few extra groundcover plants in containers can make these repairs easier.

Pay attention to changes in water flow across your slope. Issues like new gullies, standing water, or concentrated runoff may signal drainage problems that need to be addressed. If plant coverage remains sparse after the first growing season, consider reapplying erosion control fabric to provide extra protection while your plants continue to grow.

Take photos and notes of problem areas to track changes over time. This documentation can help you decide if additional plantings, drainage adjustments, or professional help is needed down the road.

When to Call a Professional

For steep slopes or tricky drainage issues, bringing in professional landscapers is often the safest and most effective choice.

Tackling Challenging Slopes and Drainage Problems

Steep slopes aren’t just hard to work on – they can also be dangerous. These areas often come with technical challenges that are tough to handle without the right tools and expertise. Professionals have the equipment and know-how to safely manage these terrains, ensuring plants take root properly and erosion is kept in check.

If you’re dealing with constant water pooling or erosion, it’s a sign of deeper drainage or grading problems that shouldn’t be ignored. Erosion can quickly strip away topsoil, expose roots, and destabilize your landscaping efforts.

The most serious concern? Water pooling near your home’s foundation. This can lead to cracks, water leaks in basements or crawl spaces, mold issues, and even structural damage – all of which are costly to repair ^[10][11][12]. Watch for warning signs like uneven floors, cracked walls, persistent dampness, musty odors, or visible leaks in your basement ^[10][11][12].

Pro Landscapes MD offers a range of drainage solutions, including French drains, dry riverbeds, stormwater management, grading, and yard repair. These services not only protect your landscape but also safeguard your home’s foundation from further damage.

Beyond addressing these technical challenges, professional landscaping can also improve the overall durability and functionality of your outdoor space.

Designing Custom Landscaping Solutions

Custom landscaping brings together native plants and hardscape features to create a balanced and visually appealing outdoor environment. A professional designer ensures the layout works with your property’s drainage needs, incorporating elements like retaining walls, garden borders, and natural stone steps.

At Pro Landscapes MD, experienced horticulturists can guide you in choosing native Maryland plants that are suited to your specific location. This expertise ensures your plants thrive while helping to prevent erosion and drainage issues.

Professional installation also plays a big role in long-term success. Experts handle the timing, spacing, and planting techniques to maximize plant health and survival. They can even develop low-maintenance plans and offer tips on care schedules and pruning.

If your drainage system is more than 20 years old, it might be time for an update ^[12]. Aging systems can wear down over time, leading to bigger problems if left unaddressed. By acting early and consulting professionals, you can avoid costly repairs and protect your home and landscape from lasting damage ^[10][11]. For a tailored assessment and expert advice, Pro Landscapes MD can help you tackle complex drainage or slope challenges with confidence.

Conclusion: Key Steps for a Healthy Landscape

To create a thriving landscape on slopes, focus on four essential steps: site preparation, species selection, planting, and maintenance. Together, these steps not only stabilize slopes but also promote a healthier ecosystem.

Start with thorough site preparation. Assess soil conditions, tackle drainage problems, and address existing erosion issues to lay a solid groundwork. For steep slopes, consider using biodegradable netting to temporarily stabilize the area while plant roots establish themselves^[13].

The next step is choosing the right native plants, which is crucial for long-term success. Native options like Pennsylvania sedge, little bluestem, and golden groundsel are excellent choices. These plants not only enhance erosion control with their deep root systems but also require less water and maintenance compared to non-native options like vinca or pachysandra^[13][14].

When it comes to planting, use effective techniques to ensure success. Opt for small plugs rather than larger plants to encourage stronger root growth and reduce costs^[8]. Plant during spring or fall and apply a 2-inch layer of organic mulch to retain moisture.

Finally, early maintenance is key to long-term stability. Regularly remove weeds, refresh mulch, and inspect for signs of erosion. Once established, native plants typically need minimal care – just occasional trimming and watering during extended dry periods.

For more complex slopes or drainage challenges, professional guidance can make a big difference. The team at Pro Landscapes MD specializes in Maryland’s growing conditions and offers tailored solutions that combine smart plant selection with effective drainage strategies. Their expertise helps safeguard both your landscape investment and your home’s foundation.

FAQs

What are the best native groundcovers to prevent erosion on steep slopes?

Native groundcovers such as Little Bluestem, Switchgrass, Indian Grass, and Pennsylvania Sedge are fantastic options for stabilizing steep slopes. Thanks to their deep root systems, these plants effectively anchor the soil, minimizing erosion and enhancing overall slope stability.

Beyond their practical benefits, these plants are easy to care for and thrive in local climates. Opting for native species not only strengthens your landscape against erosion but also supports the surrounding ecosystem, making it a win-win for your yard and the environment.

How do I know if my slope needs professional landscaping help?

If your slope has an incline steeper than 30% or displays signs of erosion, it’s wise to consult a professional. They can evaluate the slope’s condition and suggest specific solutions, like erosion control techniques or planting native groundcover to stabilize the area.

For particularly steep slopes, experienced landscapers can create designs that not only address safety and practicality but also improve the overall appearance. This approach can save you both time and effort while ensuring the slope remains secure and visually appealing.

What should I avoid when planting native groundcovers on a slope?

When planting native groundcovers on a slope, it’s important to steer clear of a few common pitfalls to set yourself up for success:

• Picking plants unsuited to the slope’s conditions: The groundcovers you choose need to match the slope’s specific environment, including its moisture levels, sunlight exposure, and soil type. The wrong plants can struggle to grow, leaving the area prone to erosion.
• Neglecting soil preparation: If you skip stabilizing the soil or adding necessary amendments, the plants may not establish well, and the slope could become unstable.
• Overlooking erosion control methods: Without using techniques like mulching, terracing, or biodegradable mats, the slope can easily suffer from runoff and soil loss.

By carefully planning and preparing, you can help your groundcovers thrive while keeping the slope stable and visually appealing.

Related Blog Posts

• How Native Plants Prevent Erosion on Slopes
• Guide to Native Plants for Poor Soil Slopes
• Erosion Control on Slopes: Native Shrubs Guide
• Erosion Control with Multi-Layered Plantings