- bhavya gada
- No Comments
Stormwater filtration is essential for Maryland homeowners to manage runoff, reduce pollution, and protect local waterways. With urbanization increasing impervious surfaces like driveways and rooftops, untreated rainwater often carries pollutants into the Chesapeake Bay. This runoff contributes to 17% of the nitrogen and phosphorus loads in the Bay, making effective filtration systems a practical solution for addressing these challenges.
Key takeaways:
- Why it matters: Urban runoff is a growing issue in Maryland, exacerbated by development and climate change, leading to pollution, erosion, and flooding.
- Options for homeowners: Popular systems include media filtration (compact and efficient), bioretention (natural filtration with plants), and permeable solutions (pavers and trenches for better drainage).
- How to start: Assess your property’s drainage, understand local regulations, and select a system that fits your needs and budget.
- Maintenance is critical: Regular upkeep ensures efficiency, prevents clogging, and avoids costly repairs.
How the Filterra Stormwater Bioretention System Works – Contech Engineered Solutions
Urban Runoff Problems in Maryland
Maryland is grappling with a growing issue: urban runoff. As cities expand and rainfall intensifies, the state faces environmental and regulatory challenges that directly impact its communities and homeowners.
How Urban Development Increases Runoff
Urbanization has drastically changed how rainwater is absorbed in Maryland. Take Baltimore, for example – more than 45% of the city is covered by impervious surfaces like concrete, asphalt, and rooftops [2]. Unlike natural landscapes, which allow most rainwater to soak into the ground, these hard surfaces cause nearly all rainfall to become runoff. To put this into perspective, just one inch of rain on an acre of impervious surface generates about 27,000 gallons of runoff [3].
On top of this, climate change is making things worse. The Chesapeake Bay region is seeing rainfall intensify faster than anywhere else in the United States [4]. Aging infrastructure is struggling to keep up, with over 60% of stormwater utilities reporting that their systems are overwhelmed by heavier rains [5]. According to the EPA’s 2022 Clean Watershed Needs Survey, large stormwater systems will need an estimated $115.3 billion over the next 20 years, compared to $23.8 billion in 2012 [5].
As runoff volumes grow, so does the amount of pollution they carry, creating even more challenges for Maryland’s waterways.
Pollution and Regulation Effects
Urban runoff is a major source of pollution for local waterways and the Chesapeake Bay. In Baltimore, stormwater runoff is the leading contributor to nutrient and sediment pollution [2]. As water flows over streets, parking lots, and neighborhoods, it picks up harmful substances like fertilizers, pesticides, oil, heavy metals, and other toxins. For example, the Maryland Department of the Environment found copper in 92% of urban runoff samples, and a national study revealed pesticides – including dieldrin and the banned chlordane – in 97% of runoff samples from suburban and urban areas [3].
This polluted water doesn’t just harm aquatic life and erode streams – it also affects drinking water supplies, recreational areas, and even public health. After heavy rains, swimming in some areas becomes unsafe, and water treatment costs rise.
"Polluted runoff is one of the most harmful sources of pollution to the Bay and its waters. And much of it starts right in the urban and suburban neighborhoods where we live." – Chesapeake Bay Foundation [3]
Regulations are evolving to address these issues. Under the Clean Water Act, municipal separate storm sewer systems (MS4s) must create stormwater management programs to monitor water quality and reduce pollutants like nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended solids [6]. Future permits may even set "load limits" for stormwater runoff, similar to those imposed on industries and sewage treatment plants [6]. Alarmingly, unregulated areas contribute 1.5 times more nitrogen to the Chesapeake Bay than regulated areas, highlighting the need for stricter stormwater policies that could also require homeowners to install filtration systems [7].
The consequences of failing to manage runoff can be severe. One heavy rain event washed sediment from a waste facility into Lake Waterford, nearly wiping out a generation of yellow perch [7].
"If we have to actually remove nitrogen from stormwater, we don’t have a lot of tricks…so prevention is key." – Tom Simpson, Chair of the Nutrient Subcommittee of EPA’s Chesapeake Bay Program [6]
For Maryland residents, these challenges come with both responsibilities and opportunities. By staying informed about local stormwater regulations and adopting effective filtration systems, homeowners can play a crucial role in protecting their environment while keeping up with evolving regulatory demands.
Stormwater Filtration Systems for Maryland Homes
If you’re a homeowner in Maryland, managing stormwater runoff effectively is crucial – and the good news is, there are systems that rely on natural processes to get the job done [9]. The Maryland Stormwater Management Act prioritizes Environmental Site Design (ESD) to the Maximum Extent Practicable (MEP), which focuses on controlling stormwater right at its source [9]. Knowing your options can help you pick a system that fits both your property and your budget. Below, we’ll explore three popular solutions: media filtration, bioretention, and permeable systems.
Media Filtration Systems
Media filtration systems, like StormFilter and Filterra, are compact yet powerful tools for removing pollutants from urban runoff. These underground systems use replaceable media cartridges to filter out particulates and absorb harmful pollutants [8]. For instance, StormFilter offers several media options – such as PhosphoSorb, Perlite, and Granular Activated Carbon – and comes in three cartridge sizes (27", 18", and Low Drop) to suit various hydraulic needs [8].
Filterra systems are equally impressive, removing up to 87% of Total Suspended Solids, 80% of Total Phosphorus, and 70% of Total Zinc from stormwater. They also boast a media flow rate of up to 324 inches per hour [10]. What makes media filtration particularly appealing for Maryland homeowners is its small footprint compared to traditional bioretention systems. Plus, these systems are approved by the Maryland Department of the Environment for ESD, meaning they meet strict environmental standards. Media filtration can stand alone or work alongside other stormwater management practices [10].
Bioretention Systems
Bioretention systems, such as rain gardens and bioswales, offer a more natural approach to stormwater management. These systems temporarily hold runoff, allowing it to slowly seep through specially designed soil layers that filter out pollutants. Beyond their functionality, they also enhance your landscape’s appearance.
While they require more space than media filtration systems, bioretention solutions provide added perks like supporting pollinators and creating habitats for local wildlife. They’re particularly effective at removing nutrients, sediments, and metals from runoff. To ensure success in Maryland, it’s essential to size these systems properly and choose native plants that can handle both wet and dry conditions. Maryland’s climate plays a big role in plant selection, so consulting a professional can help you meet both regulatory requirements and performance goals [10].
Permeable Pavers and Infiltration Trenches
Permeable solutions, including pavers and infiltration trenches, are another practical way to manage stormwater. By reducing impervious surfaces, these systems allow water to naturally seep into the ground rather than rushing into storm drains.
Permeable pavers are great for areas like driveways, patios, and walkways. Installed over a gravel base, they store water and let it gradually infiltrate the soil. Infiltration trenches, on the other hand, are linear systems filled with stone or gravel that collect runoff from roofs, driveways, and other hard surfaces. They’re especially useful along property boundaries or in tight spaces.
For Maryland homeowners, these systems not only help manage stormwater but can also enhance the functionality and aesthetics of your property. Companies like Pro Landscapes MD specialize in installing these solutions, ensuring they blend seamlessly into your existing landscape. However, proper installation and regular maintenance are critical to keeping these systems working effectively over time.
sbb-itb-843f8be
How to Install a Stormwater Filtration System
Installing a stormwater filtration system in Maryland requires careful planning to navigate local regulations and address urban runoff challenges. By assessing your property, understanding regulatory requirements, and selecting the right system, you can save time, money, and avoid future headaches.
Assess Your Property and Runoff Characteristics
Start by observing your property during and after heavy rain. Look for signs of water pooling, flow patterns, and erosion. These observations will help you identify problem areas.
Soil type is a crucial factor in choosing the right system. For example, clay soils drain slowly and may need different solutions compared to sandy soils, which absorb water quickly. To test your soil’s drainage, dig a 12-inch deep, 6-inch wide hole, fill it with water, and monitor how long it takes to drain. If water remains after 24 hours, your soil has poor drainage.
Next, measure the hard surfaces on your property, like driveways and patios, to estimate runoff volume. The EPA’s National Stormwater Calculator (SWC) is a helpful tool for properties under 12 acres. It uses the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) to calculate runoff and evaluate green infrastructure options [11].
For additional guidance, Prince George’s County offers a resource called "Residential Drainage: A Homeowner’s Guide to Drainage Problems and Solutions." This guide provides practical advice on issues like basement flooding, grading, and erosion [12]. Also, take note of existing structures, such as fences, that might block stormwater flow [12].
Know Local Rules and Permits
Before you begin, familiarize yourself with Maryland’s regulations. The state’s erosion and sediment control programs aim to reduce stream erosion, pollution, and local flooding caused by land development [13].
If your project disturbs more than 5,000 square feet of land or moves over 100 cubic yards of soil, you’ll need to obtain permits and approvals. The Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE) handles these permits, and you can reach out to Amanda.Malcolm@maryland.gov or call (410) 537-3551 for assistance [13].
Maryland emphasizes managing stormwater at its source through Environmental Site Design (ESD) to the Maximum Extent Practicable (MEP). This approach is designed to mimic natural hydrology and complies with both the Maryland Stormwater Management Act of 2007 and the federal Clean Water Act [9]. The state has also updated its standards through the Advancing Stormwater Resiliency in Maryland (A-StoRM) initiative, incorporating new rainfall data into system designs [9].
Once you have a clear understanding of the rules, you can move forward with choosing a system that fits your property’s needs.
Select the Appropriate System
The right stormwater filtration system depends on your property’s characteristics, space constraints, and budget. Here are some common options:
- Media Filtration Systems: Ideal for small spaces with high runoff loads, especially in urban areas with pollutants from busy roads. These systems are installed underground, require minimal surface area, and need proper maintenance access.
- Bioretention Systems: These systems not only manage stormwater but also enhance landscaping and provide wildlife habitat. They work best in areas with good drainage, though clay-heavy soils may require amendments or underdrain systems.
- Permeable Pavers and Infiltration Trenches: Perfect for replacing hard surfaces like driveways or managing runoff in specific areas. These options need well-draining soils and proper base preparation for long-term effectiveness.
For professional help, consider Pro Landscapes MD. They specialize in stormwater management and understand local requirements across Howard, Montgomery, Carroll, Frederick, Prince George’s, and Baltimore counties. Their expertise includes solutions like French drains, dry riverbeds, and environmental pavers. They can handle everything from incorporating updated rainfall data into designs to managing permits, ensuring your system meets Maryland’s latest standards and performs reliably for years to come.
Maintaining Your Stormwater Filtration System
Keeping your stormwater filtration system in good shape isn’t just about avoiding expensive repairs – it’s also about ensuring it works efficiently and meets regulatory standards. Regular maintenance helps you catch potential issues before they become major problems.
Regular Maintenance Tasks
Every type of stormwater system has specific maintenance needs, so keeping up with them ensures everything runs smoothly.
For media filtration systems, the focus is on maintaining the filter components. For example, most StormFilter systems require cartridge replacements every one to five years, depending on how much runoff and pollutants they handle [16]. Sand filter systems, on the other hand, need their sand inspected at least twice a year to ensure the bed remains permeable [17].
Bioretention systems combine plant care with structural maintenance. Regularly check the health of plants, remove invasive weeds, and replace any dead vegetation as soon as possible. Mulch should be replaced annually to help retain moisture and keep weeds at bay. After heavy storms, inspect the inlet and outlet areas for any signs of erosion.
For permeable pavers and infiltration trenches, surface-level maintenance is key. Sweep or vacuum pavers monthly to prevent sediment from clogging the gaps, and clear leaves, debris, or vegetation growing between them. Similarly, for infiltration trenches, make sure to regularly remove debris from grates and inlets.
Trash and debris removal should happen at least once a month or after major storms [14]. During periods of heavy rain, increase inspections to stay ahead of potential problems.
Fixing Common Problems
Stormwater systems often face challenges, but many issues can be addressed with prompt action.
Clogging is a common issue. You might notice standing water that doesn’t drain within 24 hours, water backing up at inlets, or visible sediment buildup. In media filtration systems, clogged cartridges need to be replaced immediately to prevent the system from bypassing filtration. For bioretention areas, standing water may mean the soil is compacted or that debris is blocking the inlets. Aerating the soil or clearing debris can help restore proper flow.
Reduced efficiency can show up as slower drainage rates or poor plant growth in bioretention systems. This is often caused by sediment buildup or compacted soil from foot traffic. To fix this, aerate the soil and add organic material to improve its condition.
Other problems, like cracked pipes, damaged outlets, or erosion around structures, should be addressed as soon as they’re spotted. For permeable pavers, low spots can cause pooling instead of proper infiltration, signaling the need for leveling or repair.
Hydraulic failure, where the system struggles to handle its intended flow, can occur if changes to your property’s runoff patterns (like new construction or landscaping) aren’t accounted for. If you notice water overflowing from designated areas during moderate storms, it’s time to reassess the system’s capacity.
By tackling these issues early, you can keep your system running effectively and avoid larger, costlier repairs.
Why Professional Maintenance Helps
Even with proper installation, professional maintenance is key to ensuring your stormwater system performs well over the long term. Professionals not only help you save money on repairs but also ensure compliance with local regulations [17]. In Maryland, where stormwater management regulations can be complex, neglecting maintenance can lead to system failure, pollutant bypass, and even code violations [16].
"Stormwater Management is necessary to reduce the amount and velocity of runoff across the land and into stream channels." – Maryland Department of Environment (MDE) [18]
Experts recommend inspecting systems after every major storm in the first few months post-construction, and then at least twice a year thereafter [17].
Pro Landscapes MD specializes in stormwater management maintenance across Howard, Montgomery, Carroll, Frederick, Prince George’s, and Baltimore counties. Their team can create a customized maintenance plan for your system, whether it involves replacing cartridges in media filters or caring for plants in bioretention areas.
Their services include regular inspections, sediment removal, vegetation management, and performance monitoring. This proactive approach minimizes the risk of non-compliance and costly emergency fixes, ensuring your system is ready for Maryland’s tri-annual inspections [15].
Given that stormwater runoff is one of the leading causes of pollution in the Chesapeake Bay [1], maintaining your system not only protects your investment but also contributes to Maryland’s environmental goals.
Benefits of Stormwater Filtration for Maryland Homes
For homeowners in Maryland dealing with urban runoff issues, stormwater filtration systems offer a range of practical advantages – benefiting your home, finances, and the surrounding environment.
Protecting Water Quality is one of the most important advantages. These systems work by keeping rainwater on-site and filtering out harmful pollutants like bacteria, nutrients, chemicals, pet waste, auto fluids, and litter before they can flow into nearby streams [19][20].
Preventing Floods and Protecting Property are also major perks. By managing the volume and speed of stormwater, these systems help reduce the risk of flooding and protect your home and landscape from water damage that could otherwise lead to expensive repairs [19][22].
Financial Advantages make stormwater filtration a smart long-term investment. Properly maintained systems can increase property value while helping you avoid costly repairs and potential fines. On a larger scale, effective stormwater management can assist municipalities in meeting regulatory standards, which might lower infrastructure costs for the entire community [1][21].
Environmental Responsibility ties your home improvements to broader conservation efforts in Maryland. A filtration system directly reduces the amount of pollutants entering local waterways, aligning with the state’s environmental goals [1].
Simplified Regulatory Compliance is another key benefit. Maryland has strict stormwater regulations aimed at protecting the Chesapeake Bay watershed, and a well-designed filtration system ensures you stay compliant while avoiding penalties [1].
These systems also contribute to Health and Safety, both for your family and the community. By preventing sewer overflows during heavy rain and reducing exposure to harmful pollutants, they help maintain cleaner, safer environments. For example, the EPA notes that waste from just 100 dogs over a weekend can release enough bacteria to temporarily close a bay for swimming and shellfishing [20].
"Stormwater management is about more than compliance – it’s about contributing to the health of Maryland’s communities and ecosystems." – Patriot Natural Resources [1]
If you’re considering stormwater filtration, Pro Landscapes MD provides tailored solutions designed for Maryland’s unique conditions. Serving Howard, Montgomery, Carroll, Frederick, Prince George’s, and Baltimore counties, their team handles everything from design to maintenance, ensuring your system meets both regulatory standards and your specific needs.
FAQs
What are the most affordable stormwater filtration options for Maryland homeowners?
For homeowners in Maryland, there are several budget-friendly stormwater filtration solutions worth considering. One option is biofiltration systems like Filterra. These systems are not only cost-efficient but also simple to install and require very little upkeep. Another economical choice is on-lot bioretention systems, which typically cost about $5.50 per cubic foot of stormwater treated. This makes them a more affordable alternative to larger commercial systems.
You might also explore permeable pavers or natural media filters. These solutions help reduce runoff and enhance drainage over the long term, all while keeping installation expenses reasonable. With these options, managing stormwater effectively doesn’t have to strain your budget.
How can I choose the right stormwater filtration system for my property in Maryland?
Choosing the right stormwater filtration system for your Maryland property requires a solid understanding of your soil type, drainage patterns, and the challenges urban runoff can bring. For residential properties, media filtration systems offer a versatile solution. These systems can be installed in catch basins or underground vaults, making them adaptable to various soil and drainage conditions. If your property has slopes or permeable soil, vegetated filter strips or other Best Management Practices (BMPs) are excellent options to slow down runoff and filter out pollutants effectively.
To ensure your system is tailored to your property’s specific needs and complies with Maryland’s environmental regulations, it’s a good idea to consult with a local stormwater management expert. Trusted landscaping and drainage professionals in your area can provide the guidance you need to make the best choice.
What regular maintenance does my stormwater filtration system need to stay effective and meet Maryland regulations?
To ensure your stormwater filtration system operates efficiently and complies with Maryland’s regulations, regular upkeep is essential. Here’s what you should focus on:
- Inspect the system every 1–3 years to catch potential problems early.
- Clear out sediment and debris to keep water flowing properly and avoid clogs.
- Manage vegetation growth around the system to prevent obstructions.
- Fix or replace damaged parts promptly to maintain functionality.
By keeping up with these tasks, you’ll help your system run smoothly while staying aligned with local stormwater management requirements.
Chat with Us