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Pollinators like bees, butterflies, and birds are essential for our food and ecosystems, but they’re struggling. You can make a difference by planting native species in your garden. Native plants thrive in Maryland’s climate, require less water, and support local wildlife. Here are 7 top native plants to include in your pollinator garden:
- Milkweed: Essential for monarch butterflies and supports 450+ insect species.
- Black-Eyed Susan: Maryland’s state flower attracts bees, butterflies, and birds.
- Blazing Star: Stunning purple spikes loved by bees and hummingbirds.
- Purple Coneflower: A pollinator favorite, drought-tolerant, and easy to grow.
- Goldenrod: Late-season blooms that feed bees and butterflies.
- New England Aster: Vital nectar source for fall pollinators.
- Wild Bergamot: Tubular flowers perfect for bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds.
Why Native Plants?
- Support local ecosystems: Native plants provide food and shelter for pollinators.
- Easy to maintain: They need less water, fertilizers, and pesticides.
- Help fight pollinator decline: 25% of bee species haven’t been seen since the 1990s.
Planting these species ensures blooms from spring to fall, creating a haven for pollinators and adding beauty to your yard. Keep your garden pesticide-free, provide water sources, and include diverse plants for the best results.
For a detailed guide on each plant and how to create a pollinator-friendly garden, keep reading.
Let’s Transform this Maryland Landscape with 100’s of Native Plants!
1. Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca)
Common Milkweed is a standout choice for Maryland gardens, attracting a wide range of pollinators and supporting local wildlife. With its sturdy stems and clusters of nectar-filled flowers, it creates a vibrant habitat that benefits both insects and gardeners. Here’s a closer look at why milkweed is a must-have.
Attractiveness to Pollinators
Milkweed blooms in the upper leaf axils of its strong stems, offering nectar-rich flowers that are irresistible to pollinators like hummingbirds, butterflies, and bees [5][7]. Monarch butterflies, in particular, rely exclusively on milkweed for breeding and as a food source for their caterpillars [6][7]. This plant also supports over 450 insect species, making it a cornerstone of local ecosystems [5]. Considering the alarming 90% decline in North America’s monarch population over the past two decades [5], planting native milkweed is a simple yet powerful way to aid conservation efforts. As Dan Ashe, Director of The US Fish & Wildlife Service, puts it:
"A simple stand of native milkweed can make every backyard, school, community center, city park and place of worship a haven for breeding or migrating monarchs, and together we can bring about the greatest citizen conservation victory of our generation." [6]
How It Grows in Maryland’s Climate and Soil Conditions
Milkweed is well-suited to Maryland’s diverse climate and grows best in full sun with moist, well-drained soil. That said, it’s a hardy plant that can adapt to drier or clay-heavy conditions [4][9]. Most varieties thrive in average garden soil without the need for special amendments [9], making it an easy addition to most landscapes.
Care and Maintenance Requirements
Once established, milkweed is low-maintenance. Water deeply when the top inch of soil feels dry, and avoid using fertilizers. To control its tendency to spread aggressively, remove seed pods as needed [10][11]. Newly planted milkweed benefits from frequent watering until it’s fully established [8]. For pest issues, a quick spray of water or manual removal is usually enough [11]. Avoid pesticides, as they can harm the pollinators this plant attracts. Bonus: milkweed is naturally deer-resistant [12].
For a polished garden look, consider planting shorter perennials in front of milkweed to hide its spindly stems once the flowers fade [11]. With minimal effort, you’ll have a thriving pollinator-friendly garden centerpiece.
2. Black-Eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta)
The Black-Eyed Susan, Maryland’s official state flower since 1918, is a delightful addition to any garden. Its vibrant yellow petals and dark, eye-catching center make it not only a visual treat but also a magnet for beneficial insects. Known for its hardiness, this native plant brings ecological perks to your yard while demanding very little upkeep. It’s a great example of how minimal effort can yield maximum rewards for both gardeners and the environment.
Attractiveness to Pollinators
The Black-Eyed Susan’s bright yellow petals act as a beacon for pollinators, while its dark center – made up of 250 to 500 tiny flowers – offers a rich supply of nectar and pollen [15]. Interestingly, the base of its petals forms a UV-visible bulls-eye pattern, guiding bees straight to the nectar [14].
This plant doesn’t just attract bees; it’s also a favorite for flies, beetles, moths, butterflies, wasps, and sawflies [15]. Beyond feeding adult pollinators, it serves as a host plant for butterfly larvae, including the Silvery Checkerspot, Wavy-Lined Emerald, Gorgone Checkerspot, and Bordered Patch [13]. Even in winter, its seed heads provide a crucial food source for finches and other birds [13].
Growing in Maryland’s Climate and Soil
Black-Eyed Susans thrive in Maryland’s varied climate and soil conditions. They do best in full to partial sunlight and can handle everything from moist to dry, well-drained soil [16]. Their ability to adapt to different soil types and pH levels makes them incredibly versatile [17].
The R. hirta var. pulcherrima variety is often found in disturbed areas like roadsides and old fields, while R. hirta var. hirta prefers the undisturbed woodland soils of Western Maryland [16]. Hardy across USDA Zones 3–9, these plants are tolerant of urban pollution and, once established, can withstand drought [17][18]. This resilience makes them an excellent choice for low-maintenance landscapes, perfectly suited to Maryland gardens.
Care and Maintenance
To keep Black-Eyed Susans thriving, plant them in a spot that gets at least six hours of direct sunlight daily. If your soil is heavy or compacted, mix in some compost before planting [17]. During the first few weeks, water regularly to help the plants establish strong roots. Once they’re settled, switch to deep weekly watering, increasing frequency during particularly hot or dry spells [17][21].
For ongoing care, deadhead spent flowers and trim the plants after their first bloom to encourage more flowers later in the season [17][20]. When the growing season ends, cut stems back to about two inches above the ground [19]. Since Black-Eyed Susans spread through self-seeding and rhizomes, dividing them every two to three years prevents overcrowding and keeps the plants healthy [17][21]. Fertilizer is rarely needed, but if plants appear weak, a light application of balanced fertilizer in early spring can help [19][21]. Plus, these flowers are naturally deer-resistant, making them even easier to maintain [17][19][21].
With their vibrant blooms, pollinator appeal, and low-maintenance nature, Black-Eyed Susans are a perfect fit for creating a thriving, resilient Maryland garden.
3. Blazing Star (Liatris spicata)
Blazing Star makes a bold statement in Maryland gardens with its tall, vibrant purple spikes that bring a touch of vertical elegance. Beyond its striking appearance, this native perennial is a magnet for pollinators, making it a favorite for gardeners looking to support local ecosystems. With sturdy stems reaching 2–4 feet tall, it works beautifully as a backdrop plant and rarely needs staking.
Pollinator Paradise
Blazing Star is a go-to plant for attracting a variety of pollinators. Bumblebees, leaf-cutter bees, butterflies, and even hummingbirds are drawn to its blooms, making it a must-have for butterfly gardens [22][23][24][25]. Its ecological benefits pair perfectly with its ability to adapt to Maryland’s growing conditions.
Thriving in Maryland’s Climate
This perennial thrives in USDA zones 3–9, which includes Maryland’s zones 6a–8a. It does best in full sun and moderately fertile, well-drained soil [26][28]. For healthy growth, space plants 12–16 inches apart to improve air circulation and minimize the risk of root rot [27].
Easy Maintenance
Once established, Blazing Star requires little care [29]. During the first growing season, water deeply to help the roots settle. Afterward, you can reduce watering as the plant becomes drought-tolerant [27][28]. Deadheading spent flower spikes encourages fresh blooms, and cutting back stalks at the end of the season keeps things tidy. Divide clumps every few years to prevent overcrowding. Watch out for powdery mildew and leaf spots in overly damp or shaded areas, and improve air circulation if needed. Its natural resistance to deer [30][31] makes it even easier to maintain, and staking is rarely necessary, even in richer soils.
4. Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea)
The Purple Coneflower is a standout Maryland native, easily recognized by its drooping, pink-purple petals and distinctive orange-brown center. It grows to a height of 2–4 feet and spreads about 1–2 feet wide, giving any garden a classic prairie vibe and making a striking addition to mid-border plantings.
Attractiveness to Pollinators
Purple Coneflower is a magnet for pollinators, drawing in butterflies, hummingbirds, bees, and even birds throughout its blooming season[32]. According to the Mt. Cuba Center‘s Trial Gardens, it scored 3.6 out of 5 points for its appeal to pollinators[32]. Its flat-topped flowers serve as perfect landing spots for butterflies, while its abundant nectar and pollen keep bees busy from summer to fall[32].
For the best results, plant Purple Coneflowers in clusters rather than as individual specimens[33]. Group plantings not only create a more attractive feeding area for pollinators but also boost the overall nectar supply. Be sure to avoid using insecticides near these plants, as they can harm the very pollinators you’re trying to attract[33].
How It Grows in Maryland’s Climate and Soil Conditions
Purple Coneflower thrives in Maryland’s climate, as well as across zones 3–8[35][36]. Being native to the eastern United States, it’s well-suited to the region’s conditions[34]. This perennial prefers full sun, needing at least 6 hours of direct sunlight each day to flourish[34][37].
It’s highly adaptable to various soil types, including clay, loam, and sandy soils, and can tolerate a range of pH levels[34][36]. However, well-drained soil is essential to prevent root rot[34][36]. If your garden has heavy clay soil, adding compost or organic matter can improve drainage[35].
Once established, Purple Coneflower is impressively drought-tolerant[34][36][37]. It also handles Maryland’s summer heat and humidity with ease[34][36]. Plus, it’s deer-resistant, which is a huge bonus in areas prone to deer browsing[34][36][37].
Care and Maintenance Requirements
Purple Coneflower is a low-maintenance option, perfect for gardeners who want beauty without constant upkeep. When newly planted, water regularly until the roots are well-established; after that, water deeply only during prolonged dry periods. Always water at the soil level to avoid wetting the foliage[35].
To keep plants looking their best, deadhead spent flowers by cutting stems back to a leaf near a new bud using sterilized shears[35]. If you want to delay flowering and encourage a more compact growth habit, trim stems by about a foot when the first blooms appear[35].
A thin layer of mulch around the plants helps retain moisture and keeps the roots cool, but make sure the mulch doesn’t touch the stems to prevent rot[35][38]. Fertilizer is rarely needed for native in-ground coneflowers[35].
Every 3–4 years, divide the plants in spring or fall to prevent overcrowding and maintain their vigor[35][38]. Leaving seed heads on the plants through winter not only adds interest to your garden but also provides food for birds and allows for natural self-seeding[35][38]. For container-grown plants, prune them to soil level in the fall and store them in a cool spot with indirect light[35].
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5. Goldenrod (Solidago species)
Goldenrod is a standout choice for any Maryland pollinator garden. Its bright yellow flower plumes not only create a striking late-season visual but also provide an essential food source for pollinators when most other plants have stopped blooming. This native plant offers the perfect mix of beauty and ecological value.
Several goldenrod species thrive in Maryland, including tall goldenrod (Solidago altissima) and Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis). These perennials are hardy and easy to grow, especially in sunny, drier spots. Typically reaching heights of 3–6 feet, they spread through underground rhizomes, forming colonies over time [44].
Attractiveness to Pollinators
Goldenrod is a powerhouse for pollinators, attracting more specialist bees than any other herbaceous plant – an impressive 39 species, according to Fowler and Droege’s research [43]. Its high-sugar nectar and late-season pollen make it a favorite for monarch butterflies, migrating pollinators, and beekeepers alike. In fact, a Penn State Extension study ranked Solidago rigida (Stiff Goldenrod) second only to mountain mint in pollinator diversity [42]. These qualities make goldenrod invaluable for supporting both pollinators and crop pollination [60, 61].
How It Grows in Maryland’s Climate and Soil Conditions
Goldenrod thrives in USDA zones 2–8, making it perfectly suited to Maryland’s climate [41]. It’s highly adaptable, growing well in sandy, rocky, or clay soils, as long as they drain properly. Slightly acidic to neutral soil is ideal.
"Goldenrod grows best in any sunny location, survives well in average or even poor soil, and thrives in temperatures between 65 and 80°F."
- David Beaulieu, Landscaping Expert and Plant Photographer [41]
While goldenrod prefers full sun for peak flowering, it can tolerate partial shade. Interestingly, overly rich soil may cause it to grow leggy and flop over, so average garden soil works best. Once established, goldenrod handles drought conditions with ease.
Care and Maintenance Requirements
Goldenrod is refreshingly low-maintenance. During its establishment phase, water weekly, but once rooted, it needs watering only during extreme drought. Skip the fertilizer – excess nutrients can lead to weak, floppy growth that may require staking.
For fuller plants and more blooms, pinch back the stems early in the season and deadhead spent flowers. However, leaving some seed heads can benefit local birds. At season’s end or in late winter, cut the stalks back to a few inches above the ground.
Since some goldenrod species can spread aggressively, managing their growth is important. Dividing plants every few years or containing them in dedicated garden beds or containers can help [41]. Goldenrod is generally pest and disease resistant, but proper spacing reduces risks of rust, powdery mildew, and leaf spots [40]. In poorly drained soils, root rot may occur, so choose your planting site carefully. Opting for native species ensures compatibility with the local ecosystem and prevents invasive tendencies [40].
6. New England Aster (Symphyotrichum novae-angliae)
After goldenrod wraps up its late bloom, New England Aster steps in to keep Maryland’s pollinators thriving through the fall. This native perennial bursts with purple to violet daisy-like flowers, each crowned with a bright yellow center. These blooms provide much-needed nectar at a time when most other plants have called it a season, bridging the gap between summer’s end and the first signs of winter.
A Magnet for Pollinators
New England Asters are a must-have for butterfly gardens, drawing in a variety of pollinators with their sugar-rich nectar. This nectar is packed with amino acids, giving butterflies an extra energy boost when they need it most [45][39].
Pollination Ecology research highlights an interesting feature of asters:
"Many flower centers are yellow, advertising their yellow pollen to would-be visitors, and asters are no exception. But asters will change their center color to an umber brown when they’ve been pollinated, signaling bees to visit other receptive flowers…This shift in signal helps both plant and pollinator: allowing the bees to forage more efficiently, visiting only flowers with the most pollen and nectar. The plant benefits by focusing bee attentions on flowers that remain to be pollinated." [46]
Beyond butterflies and bees, the aster genus Symphyotrichum plays host to over 100 types of caterpillars, making it a critical part of the ecosystem for native wildlife [52].
Late-Season Bloom for Pollinator Support
New England Asters bloom from August to October, offering a crucial nectar source during the late season when other flowers have faded [51]. As researchers note:
"New England Aster blooms in late summer through fall, typically from August to October. Its abundant purple daisy-like flowers provide critical late-season nectar for pollinators when most other plants have finished blooming." [51]
Ideal Growing Conditions in Maryland
Well-suited to Maryland’s climate, New England Aster thrives in hardiness zones 4–8 [47][48][50]. It can handle winter lows of –30°F (–34°C) and summer highs up to 90°F (32°C) [48]. Like many native plants, it flourishes in well-drained soil and full sun, making it a great choice for low-maintenance landscaping. While it prefers full sun, it can adapt to partial shade and grows best in average, medium-moisture, well-drained soils enhanced with organic matter [50]. It’s also tolerant of clay soils and, once established, can handle dry conditions if watered consistently during droughts. To prevent powdery mildew, ensure good air circulation by avoiding overcrowding [50].
Easy Care and Maintenance
New England Asters are relatively easy to care for once established. Plant them in spring or fall, spacing them 1–3 feet apart, and improve the soil with compost to enhance drainage and nutrients [47][49]. Water regularly when first planted, then only during extended dry periods [47]. For a fuller plant with more blooms, pinch back the stems before midsummer to encourage branching [50].
With the right care and placement, New England Asters will reward your garden with vibrant fall color while supporting pollinators during a critical time of year.
7. Wild Bergamot (Monarda fistulosa)
Wild Bergamot, also known as Bee Balm, wraps up our list of top pollinator plants for Maryland. This perennial native is a standout, thanks to its striking clusters of tubular flowers in shades of lavender to pinkish-purple. Not only does it add visual appeal to your garden, but it also plays a crucial role in supporting pollinators.
Attractiveness to Pollinators
Wild Bergamot is a magnet for bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. Its tubular flowers are particularly inviting to butterflies and hummingbirds, making it a favorite in pollinator-friendly gardens. Planting them in groups enhances nectar availability and creates a more eye-catching display.
Growing in Maryland’s Climate and Soil
This plant thrives across Maryland’s varied climate and soil conditions. Whether your garden has dry, rocky, or clay-heavy soil, Wild Bergamot adapts with ease. It tolerates light shade to full sun and grows well in soils with pH levels ranging from acidic to alkaline. Interestingly, it prefers less fertile soils – overly rich soil can result in weaker stems that may flop over. This makes it a great choice for wildlife-friendly or low-maintenance gardens.
Care and Maintenance
Wild Bergamot is low-maintenance, making it an excellent addition to a sustainable Maryland garden. When planting, space them 12 to 18 inches apart and water thoroughly to help them establish. While regular watering is essential during the early stages, the plant becomes drought-tolerant once mature. To prevent powdery mildew, ensure good air circulation by not overcrowding your plants.
Fertilizer is rarely needed, but if you choose to use it, a light application in early spring is sufficient. Deadheading spent blooms encourages more flowering, while cutting back stems to about 6 inches in the fall promotes healthier growth in the spring. To keep the plant vigorous and prevent it from spreading too much, divide clumps every three years in either spring or fall. Simply dig up the plant, separate it into smaller sections, and replant in well-drained soil.
With its ability to attract pollinators, adapt to diverse conditions, and require minimal care, Wild Bergamot is a fantastic choice for Maryland gardeners looking to support local ecosystems while enjoying a vibrant, easy-to-manage plant.
How to Create a Successful Pollinator Garden
Designing a pollinator garden that thrives takes thoughtful planning and attention to the specific needs of Maryland’s native pollinators. Mara Koenig of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service puts it best: "Careful planning is essential to creating a successful pollinator garden." [3] Pollinators rely on consistent blooms, water, shelter, and safe nesting areas. Here’s how to create a garden that checks all those boxes.
Site Selection and Soil Preparation
Start by choosing a sunny or partially shaded spot with some protection from the wind. While most native Maryland plants prefer full sun, many can handle light shade. Next, take a good look at your soil. Knowing its type will help you pick plants that will thrive. Before planting, clear away any grass, loosen the soil, and mix in nutrient-rich compost to give your plants a healthy start. Adding garden edging can help keep mulch and soil in place while keeping grass out. Pathways are also a smart addition to prevent soil compaction.
Plant Selection and Timing Strategy
A well-planned pollinator garden blooms from early spring to late fall, ensuring that pollinators have a steady food source throughout the year. Since pollinators emerge at different times with unique needs, aim for a mix of plants that provide overlapping blooms across the seasons.
Choose native plants that offer a variety of colors and nectar sources. For example, plants from the daisy or carrot families are excellent choices. Avoid modern hybrid varieties, especially double-flowered ones, as they often lack the nectar and pollen that pollinators depend on.
Designing a Pollinator-Friendly Layout
Group your plants into clusters rather than scattering them individually – this makes it easier for pollinators to find them. Mix up the heights, colors, and shapes of your plants to attract a diverse range of pollinators while adding visual appeal. You might also include a "moon garden" with night-blooming flowers to welcome nocturnal pollinators like moths and bats.
Must-Have Garden Features
Beyond plant selection, adding specific features can make your garden even more pollinator-friendly. A consistent water source is key. This could be a small pond or even a shallow dish filled with water and a bit of sand to provide minerals for bees and butterflies. For shelter, consider leaving dead trees or branches for nesting bees. Letting parts of your garden remain a little untamed, with leaf litter and uncut stems, can also provide critical overwintering spots for beneficial insects.
Pesticide-Free Maintenance
Keeping your garden pesticide-free is one of the most effective ways to protect pollinators. The Xerces Society emphasizes, "A home garden truly can thrive without pesticides, and this is one of the most important ways to protect pollinators and beneficial insects in your garden." [54] Instead, try natural pest control methods like companion planting – using aromatic herbs to deter pests – or manually removing problem insects. For tougher issues, consider natural solutions like neem oil or diatomaceous earth.
Seasonal Care and Long-Term Success
Regular weeding and watering are crucial, especially in the early stages of your garden. But don’t overdo it when tidying up at the end of the season. Leaving dead flowers and leaf litter in place can provide much-needed shelter for insects during the winter. Learning to tell the difference between beneficial wildflowers and true weeds will also help as your garden matures. As journalist Lisa Bramen notes, "The more diverse your garden is, the more diverse pollinators it will attract." [53] With time and a bit of experimentation, you’ll create a garden that blooms beautifully and supports pollinators year-round.
Over the years, your pollinator garden will become more than just a pretty addition to your yard. It will act as a vital resource for native bees, butterflies, and other helpful insects, all while boosting the natural charm of your outdoor space. If you’re looking for professional help to bring your vision to life, reach out to Pro Landscapes MD.
Conclusion
By planting native species, your pollinator garden becomes a vital piece of Maryland’s ecological puzzle. From the monarch-friendly milkweed to the butterfly magnet wild bergamot, these seven plants create a haven for the over 430 bee species and 150 butterfly species that call Maryland home [56].
Choosing native plants isn’t just about aesthetics – it’s a smart, eco-friendly choice. These plants thrive in Maryland’s climate, needing less water and no fertilizers once established [57]. They’re naturally resistant to local pests, cutting down on maintenance and the need for chemical treatments [1]. Plus, native gardens can slash outdoor water use by up to 70% compared to traditional lawns and exotic plantings [58].
But the benefits go far beyond easy upkeep. Native gardens are a lifeline for local ecosystems. As the Gunpowder Valley Conservancy puts it:
"Native plants are considered heartier than nonnative plants because they need less fertilizing, watering and tending, and they help support native wildlife, especially birds and pollinators like bees and butterflies." [57]
Your garden becomes a sanctuary for wildlife – from caterpillars that feed young birds to pollinators that help 80% of flowering plants reproduce [33]. And with alarming declines in bee populations – 25% of known species haven’t been spotted since the 1990s [2] – every native garden counts. These plants do more than provide nectar; they offer crucial habitat for caterpillars, shelter for overwintering insects, and even help filter stormwater, improving water quality [55].
The result? A garden that bursts with life year-round, drawing butterflies, bees, and birds while contributing to Maryland’s natural legacy. Whether you’re starting small or overhauling your entire yard, planting native species is a win for both your property and the environment.
For expert advice and guidance, reach out to Pro Landscapes MD at https://prolandscapesmd.com.
FAQs
What can I do to make my pollinator garden support a variety of pollinators all year long?
To keep pollinators buzzing all year, plant a variety of native plants that bloom across spring, summer, and fall. This way, you’re providing a steady food source for pollinators, no matter the season. Don’t forget to include plants that caterpillars can use as host plants and add shrubs or hedgerows for nesting and shelter.
Consider adding a water feature, like a shallow dish or birdbath, to give pollinators a place to hydrate. And most importantly, skip the pesticides – keeping your garden pesticide-free ensures it’s a safe haven for these vital creatures. Not only will you support pollinator populations, but you’ll also create a vibrant, lively outdoor space.
How can I maintain a native plant garden without using pesticides?
Maintaining a native plant garden without pesticides boils down to creating a thriving, self-sustaining ecosystem. Start by enriching your soil with compost and mulch. This not only improves soil quality but also invites beneficial organisms that naturally support plant health.
Opt for native plants that are well-adapted to your local climate and conditions. These plants are naturally more resilient to pests, meaning less need for intervention. To take it a step further, mix in a variety of native species to encourage biodiversity. This attracts helpful insects like ladybugs and lacewings, which are nature’s pest controllers.
Group plants with similar water and sunlight needs to reduce stress and keep them growing strong. Be mindful of watering – overwatering can weaken plants and invite problems. And don’t worry about spotting a few insects here and there. Many of them are essential for keeping your garden balanced and thriving.
How can I control the spread of native plants like milkweed and goldenrod in my Maryland pollinator garden?
To manage the growth of energetic native plants like milkweed and goldenrod in your Maryland pollinator garden, consider these straightforward tips:
- Install physical barriers: Use edging or raised beds to confine these plants to designated areas.
- Regular pruning: Cut off seed heads before they mature to stop self-seeding and spreading.
- Hand-pull unwanted growth: Remove stems or plants that stray beyond their intended spots.
These approaches will help you keep your garden orderly while still supporting local pollinators with these beneficial plants.
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